What is CSS

What is CSS?

CSS stands for Cascading style sheets. It describes to the user how to display HTML elements on the screen in a proper format. CSS is the language that is used to style HTML documents. In simple words, cascading style sheets are a language used to simplify the process of making a webpage.

CSS is used to handle some parts of the webpage. With the help of CSS, we can control the colour of text and style of fonts, and we can control the spacing between the paragraph and many more things. CSS is easy to understand but provides strong control on the Html documents.CSS is combined with HTML.

Advantages of CSS

Here are the following advantages of CSS, such as:

Faster page speed: It has a faster page speed than other code's page speeds. With the help of the CSS rule, we can apply it to all occurrences of certain tags in HTML documents.
Better user experience: CSS makes a webpage very attractive to the eyes. Also, CSS makes it user-friendly. When the button or text is in a proper format, it improves the user experience.
Quicker Development time: With the help of CSS, we can specify the format and style the multiple pages into one code string. In cascading style sheet, we can make a duplicate copy of several website pages.
If we make a webpage, it has the same formatting, looks, and feel, so with the help of the CSS rule for one page, and it is sufficient for all the pages.
Easy Formatting changes: In CSS, if we need to make changes in the format, it is very easy; we only need to change the one-page format it will automatically apply to the other pages of CSS.
There is no need to correct individual pages in a CSS style sheet. If we fix a CSS style sheet, it will automatically update the other CSS style sheet.
Compatibility: Compatibility is very important in today's age. If we create any webpage, it should be very responsive and user-friendly. CSS is used with Html to make webpage design responsive.

Why do We Use CSS?

As we all know, CSS is a powerful style sheet language used to control the HTML document to improve the webpage design.

CSS provides efficiency in webpage design: It also provides updates so our webpage works appropriately. With the help of CSS, we can create and apply those rules within the website. If we create a webpage design separately, we can make changes in our style sheet, and it will affect all the style sheets.
CSS provides faster page download: CSS helps with faster page download because when we download a page, we get the cache that helps to load a page, but with the help of CSS, we can lead to load a lighter page which helps to improve the performance.
CSS is easy to work: In CSS, we can visual aspect of the website separate entirely from the content; using CSS, we can create a website that allows us to make quick layou0074.

Example of CSS

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {
  background-color:  lightblue;
}
h1 {
  colour: white;
  text-align: center;
}
p {
  font-family: Verdana;
  font-size: 20px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>My First CSS Example</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>

Output:

Types of CSS

There are three types of CSS:

1. Inline CSS

Inline CSS is used to style the elements of HTML documents. It is used in HTML to style the attributes without using the selectors. It is challenging to manage the inline function in websites compared to other types. It is very helpful in Html in some situations.

Example of inline CSS:

p style="color: orange; font-size: 25px;">Here is my first paragraph.</p>
lt;p>Here is my second paragraph.</p>

2. Internal CSS

Internal CSS is used to design the style single page effectively. It is more time-consuming because we can only work on one page or we need to style each web page. In internal CSS, we style a single webpage uniquely.

Syntax:

<style>
--- required styles--
</style>

Example of internal CSS:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8" />
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
  <style>
    body {
      background-color: black;
    }
   h1 {
      color: mediumvioletred;
    }
   h2 {
      color: powder blue;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <h1>Welcome!!</h1>
  <h2>Good Morning!</h2>
</body>
</html>

Output:

3. External CSS

External CSS is used to link all webpage with an external file. CSS, which can be created in a text file. It is more efficient for styling an extensive webpage. It also increases the readability of the CSS files.

Syntax:

<head>
  //if the CSS file is in another folder, then
  //the href must contain the path to the file
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="nameOfTheSheet.css"> 
</head> 

How does CSS Work?

As we all know, CSS helps bring style to our webpage by providing different styles to Html documents.

For example:

<h1>
Heading
</h1>

With the help of <h1></h1>tags in Html, we can create the header. But CSS makes it more attractive.

For example:

h1 {
colour: blue;
text-align: center;
}

CSS Comment

CSS comment, as the name says, with the help of comments, we can pass the message in our code so the user can easily understand the code. With the help of comments, we can make our source code attractive.

For Example:

/*
  Hello, my name is Rohit. Here we are using multiple comments format.
*/
body {
  font-family: Sans-serif;
  font-size: 50 em  /* 1em = 10px */
}

Selectors

In CSS, selectors select the specific word you want to style. There are different types of selectors:

The element selector
The universal selector
Id selector
Class selectors

1. The Element selector

Element selectors are used to provide styling to a selected HTML document.

Syntax:

Element  {
    property: value
}

Example:

p {
  background-color: Pink;
}

2. The universal selector

We use an asterisk (*) sign to define the universal selector in the universal selector. It is used to select all the Html documents.

For Example:

* {
    property: value;
 }

3. Id selector

It is the most commonly used operator in CSS. It is used to set the style to a given id. It is denoted by (#).

Syntax:

#id {
    property: value;
}

Example:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <!-- CSS property using id attribute -->
    <style>
      * {
        background-color: white;
      }
      #first {
        colour: black;
        text-align: center;
      }
      #second {
        text-align: center;
        color: #ff1493;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <!-- id attribute declares here -->
    <h1 id="first">First Header</h1>
    <h2 id="second">Second Header</h2>
  </body>
</html>

4. The Class Selector

The class selector is used to select elements that have some class attributes. We use a (.) character with a specific class to select an element.

Example:

.intro {
  background-color: yellow;
}

Implementation of all Selectors in CSS

<!DOCTYPE html> 
<html>
 <head>
          <title>HTML</title>
          <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="first.css">
 <style>
 #center1
 {
   text-align: center; 
   color:pink;
 }
 .center2 {
   text-align: center; 
   color:red;
 }
 h1 { 
text-align:center;
 color:green; 
} 
</style>
 </head>
 <body>
 <h1>This heading will be green and center-aligned </h1>
 <p class = "center2">This paragraph will be red and center-aligned </p>
 <p id ="center1">This paragraph will be pink and center-aligned</p>
 </body>
 </html>

CSS Colors

In CSS, we have different types of colouring schemes. In CSS, we widely use three techniques:

RGB

RGB is a combination of three colours red, green, and blue. It takes three parameters, and the value of each parameter varies from 0 to 255.

For example: RGB(255,0,0)

Hex

Hex is a code that starts with # and comprises 6 numbers which are further divided into 3 groups.

It also contains a group of red, green, and blue. It varies from 00 to 09.

RGBA

RGBA start with 4 parameters. It contains red, green, blue, and alpha. In RGBA, the first 3 parameters vary from 0 to 255, and the last varies from 0 to 1.

Implementation of all Colors in CSS

<!DOCTYPE html> 
<html>
 <head>
<title>HTML</title>
 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="first.css">
 <style> 
#center
{ 
color:#ff0099;
} 
h1{ 
color:rgba(255,0,0,0.5);
} 
</style>
 </head>
 <body>
 <h1>This heading will be green</h1>
 <p style="color:rgb(255,0,0)">This paragraph will be red</p> 
<p id="center">This paragraph will be pink and center-aligned</p>
 </body> 
</html>

CSS background

In CSS, we have different ways by which we can affect HTML documents. There are a few as follows:

Colour: It is used to change the background colours.
Repeat: It is used to check if an image has to repeat. If yes, then it will tell you how to do it.
Image: It is used to set the image in the background.
Position: It determines the position of an image in CSS.