Ratio and Proportion Aptitude Test Paper 2


6) The number of employees is reduced in the ratio 3: 2 and the salary of each employee are increased in the ratio 4: 5. By doing so, the company saves Rs. 12000. What was the initial expenditure on the salary?

  1. 62000
  2. 60000
  3. 50000
  4. 72000

Answer: D

Explanation:

                                                         Initial: Final
ATQ, the number of employees:        3   :   2
The salary of each employee:             4   :   5
Then the expenditure will be:   4*3 = 12:   2*5 = 10
12 (initial expenditure): 10 (final expenditure)
Or, if the final expenditure = 10, that means the initial expenditure was 12.
We can say that the total expenditure reduced by = 12-10 =2units
Or, 2 units = 12000 (as it is given that 12000 is saved by the company)
So, 1 unit = 6000
Now, the initial expenditure on salary = 12 units *6000 = Rs.72000
[12 comes from ratio 12: 10 where 12 indicates initial expenditure and 10 final expenditure]


7) The ratio of the salary of A and B, one year ago is 3: 2. The ratio of original salary to the increased salary of A is 2: 3 and that of B is 3: 4. The total present salary of A and B together is Rs. 21500. Find the salary of B.

  1. 6000
  2. 7000
  3. 8000
  4. 9000

Answer: C

Explanation:

The initial ratio of A and B is 3: 2

Increased salary of A is 2: 3 that means if it was 2 then it becomes 3.
i.e., if it was 2, it becomes 3
Or, 1 becomes 3/2
But the A's ratio was 3, so we have to calculate for 3
3 becomes (3/2) * 3 = 9/2 = 4.5
Similarly, B?s increase is 3: 4
3 becomes 4
Or, 1 becomes 4/3
But the B's ratio was 2, so we have to calculate for 2
i.e., 2 become (4/3)* 2 = 8/3

That means if the old ratio of A: B = 3: 2
Then the new ratio of A: B = 4.5: 8/3
So, the new ratio of A: B = 13.5: 8
Now, the salary of B = (B's share/ Sum of ratios)* total salary
Hence, the salary of B = (8/21.5) * 21500 = 8000


8) The ratio of income of two workers A and B are 3: 4. The ratio of expenditure of A and B is 2: 3 and each saves Rs 200. Find the income of A and B.

  1. 500, 600
  2. 600, 800
  3. 600, 900
  4. 800, 1000

Answer: B

Explanation:

Let the income of A = 3x, B = 4x
Expenditure ratio = 2: 3
Saving in each case = 200

Apply formula:

Income- expenditure = saving
Or, income- saving = expenditure
Now,
[3x- 200]/ [4x- 200] = 2/3
Or, 9x -600 = 8x - 400
Or, x= 200

Income of A = 3 * 200 = 600
Income of B = 4 * 200 = 800


9) The ratio of the expenditure of Pervez, Sunny, and Ashu are 16: 12: 9 respectively and their savings are 20%, 25%, 40% of their income. The sum of the income is Rs 1530, find Sunny's salary.

  1. 200
  2. 480
  3. 300
  4. 420

Answer: B

Explanation:

Let the income of Pervez = x, then the saving = 20x/100
Income of Sunny = y, then the saving = 25y/100
Income of Ashu = z, then the saving = 40z/100

Apply formula

Income - saving = Expenditure

x- 20x/100 = 16
Or, 80x=1600
Or, x = 20

y - 25y/ 100 = 12
Or, 75y/100 = 12
Or, y = 1200/75 = 16

z - 40z/ 100 = 9
Or, 60z/100 = 9
Or, z =15

Now, the ratio of Pervez: Sunny: Ashu = 20: 16: 15 = 51
But ATQ, it is 1530
When 51 is multiplied with 30, we get 1530
So, Sunny's salary = 16* 30 = 480.


10) The ratio of income of Pervez, Sunny, and Ashu is 3: 7: 4 and the ratio of their expenditure is 4: 3: 5 respectively. If Pervez saves Rs 300 out of 2400, find the savings of Ashu.

  1. 570
  2. 560
  3. 565
  4. 575

Answer: D

Explanation:

ATQ, income ratio of Pervez: Sunny: Ashu = 3: 7: 4
Let the income of Pervez: Sunny: Ashu = 3x, 7x, 4x
The income of Pervez = 3x = 2400 (given in the question)
That means x = 2400/3 = 800
Now, the income of Sunny = 7x = 7*800 = 5600
Similarly the income of Ashu = 4x = 4*800 = 3200

Now,
Their expenditure is in the ratio of 4: 3: 5
So, let their expenditure is 4y, 3y, 5y
The expenditure of Pervez = income of Pervez - saving of Pervez
Or, expenditure of Pervez = 4y = 2400-300 = 2100
Or, y = 2100/4 = 525
Here 4y comes from expenditure's ratio
Similarly, the expenditure of Sunny = 3y = 3* 525 = 1575
The expenditure of Ashu = 5y = 5*525 = 2625

Saving's of Ashu = Income of Ashu - Expenditure of Ashu
Saving's of Ashu = 3200- 2625 = 575



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