C++ Class Member Functions

A class member function is a function that, like any other variable, is defined or prototyped within the class declaration. It has access to all the members of the class and can operate on any object of that class.

Let us use a member function to access the members of a previously created class instead of directly accessing them.

class Dice {
   public:
      double L;       // a dice's length
      double B;       // a dice's breadth
      double H;         // a dice's height
      double getVolume(void);  // Returns dice volume
};

Member functions can be defined either within the class definition or separately with the scope resolution operator,:. Even if the inline specifier is not used, specifying a member function within the class declaration declares the function inline. So, you may either define the Volume() function as shown below.

class Dice {
   public:
      double L;       // a dice's length
      double B;       // a dice's breadth
      double H;         // a dice's height
      double getVolume(void) {
         return L * B * H;
      }
};

If we want, we may define the identical function outside of the class using the scope resolution operator (::), as seen below.

double Dice::getVolume(void) {
   return L * B * H;
}

The main thing to remember here is that we must use the class name exactly before the :: operator. The dot operator (.) will be used to perform a member function on an object and will only manipulate data relevant to that object as follows:

Dice myDice;          //  Generate an object
myDice.getVolume();  //  Call the object's member function

Let us apply the techniques discussed above to set and get the values of various class members of a class.

C++ Program:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Dice {
   public:
      double L;         // a dice's length
      double B;        // a dice's breadth
      double H;         // a dice's height

      // Member functions declaration
      double getVolume(void);
      void setL(double length);
      void setB(double breadth);
      void setH(double height);
};

// Member functions definitions
double Dice::getVolume(void) {
   return L * B * H;
}

void Dice::setL(double length) 
{
   L = length;
}
void Dice::setB(double breadth) {
   B = breadth;
}
void Dice::setH(double height) {
   H = height;
}

// Main function
int main() {
   Dice Dice1;                // Declare Dice1 of type Dice
   Dice Dice2;                // Declare Dice2 of type Dice
   double volume = 0.0;     // here the volume of a Dice is stored
 
   // dice 1 specification
   Dice1.setL(6.0); 
   Dice1.setB(7.0); 
   Dice1.setH(5.0);

   // Dice 2 specification
   Dice2.setL(12.0); 
   Dice2.setB(13.0); 
   Dice2.setH(10.0);

   // volume of Dice 1
   volume = Dice1.getVolume();
   cout << "Volume of Dice1 : " << volume <<endl;

   // volume ofDice 2
   volume = Dice2.getVolume();
   cout << "Volume of Dice2 : " << volume <<endl;
   return 0;
}

Output:

Volume of Dice1 : 210
Volume of Dice2 : 1560

Next TopicC++ Program for Find k pairs with Smallest Sums in Two Arrays

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