C++ Flow Control

Introduction:

C++ is a programming language from a high level that is widely used for creating applications and software. One of the most important concepts in C++ programming is Flow Control, which refers to the ability to direct the flow of a program based on specific conditions. This allows developers to control how their programs execute and can help to make them more efficient and effective. In this article, we will see the different types of flow control available in C++, how they work, and when they are most appropriate.

Conditional Statements:

Conditional Statements are used in C++ to run a certain piece of program only if a specific condition is met. There are generally three types of conditional statements in C++: if, if-else, and switch.

if Statement:

The if statement is the simplest of the three and is used to run a certain piece of code nly if a certain condition is true. For example:

C++ Code:

int x = 5;
if (x == 5) {
    std::cout << "x is 5" << std::endl;
}

In this example, the block of code inside the curly braces will only be executed if the condition inside the parentheses is true.

if-else Statement:

The if-else statement is used when we want to execute some code only if some condition exists. If the given condition is true then code will be executed otherwise else statement will be used to run other part of the code.For example:

C++ Code:

int x = 5;
if (x == 5) {
    std::cout << "x is 5" << std::endl;
} else {
    std::cout << "x is not 5" << std::endl;
}

In this example, if the condition inside the parentheses is true, the first block of code will be executed. Otherwise, the second block of code will be executed.

switch Statement:

The switch statement is used to execute different blocks of code based on the value of a variable. For example:

Pseudo Code:

switch (variable) {
    case value1:
        // code to execute if the variable is equal to value1
        break;
    case value2:
        // code to execute if the variable is equal to value2
        break;
    // add more cases as needed
    default:
        // code to execute if the variable does not match any case
}

C++ code:

int x = 2;
switch (x) {
    case 1:
        std::cout << "x is 1" << std::endl;
        break;
    case 2:
        std::cout << "x is 2" << std::endl;
        break;
    default:
        std::cout << "x is not 1 or 2" << std::endl;
        break;
}

In this example, the switch statement will execute the block of code associated with the value of x. If x is 1, the first block of code will be executed. If x is 2, the second block of code will be executed. If x is any other value, the default block of code will be executed.

Loops:

Loops are used in C++ to execute a block of code multiple times, either until a certain condition is met or for a specific number of times. There are generally three types of loops in C++: while, do-while, and for.

While Loop:

The while loop is used to execute when we want to run some code for until some specific condition matches. For example:

C++ Code:

int x = 0;
while (x < 5) {
    std::cout << x << std::endl;
    x++;
}

In this example, the while loop will continue to execute the block of code inside the curly braces as long as x is less than 5. Each time the loop executes, the value of x will be incremented by 1.

do-while Loop:

The do-while loop is the same as the while loop, but the condition is checked after the first iteration of the loop. For example:

C++ Code:

int x = 0;
do {
    std::cout << x << std::endl;
    x++;
} while (x < 5);

In this example, the do-while loop will execute the block of code inside the curly brackets, and then it will check the condition. So it will be executed a minimum of one time.

for Loop:

The for loop allows a program to execute a piece of program a fixed number of times. The syntax for the for loop is:

Pseudo Code:

for (initialization; condition; increment/decrement) {
    // code to execute repeatedly
}

Here is an example that uses the for loop to print the numbers from 1 to 10:

C++ Code:

for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
    cout << i << " ";
}

Conclusion:

In conclusion, flow control structures are essential to any programming language. C++ provides a range of Flow Control structures that allow programmers to control the flow of their code. The if-else statement, switch statement, for loops, while loops and do-while loops are used for the flow control.

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