C++ Tutorial

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C++ Control Statement

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C++ Functions

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C++ Arrays

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C++ Pointers

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C++ Object Class

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C++ Inheritance

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C++ vs C# C++ int to string C++ vs Python Structure vs Class in C++ Virtual Destructor in C++ Constructor vs Destructor in C++ Bit manipulation C++ What is a reference variable Friend Function in C++ Snake Code in C++ Inline function in C++ Virtual function vs Pure virtual function in C++ How to Split strings in C++ Range-based for loop in C++ Type Conversion in C++ LCM of two numbers in C++ Convert string to integer in C++

C++ STL Tutorial

C++ STL Components C++ Vector Initialize Vector in C++ C++ Deque C++ List C++ Set C++ Stack C++ Queue C++ Priority Queue C++ Map C++ Multimap C++ Map C++ Bitset C++ Algorithm

C++ Iterators

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C++ Programs

C++Programs Fibonacci Series Prime Number Palindrome Number Factorial Armstrong Number Sum of digits Reverse Number Swap Number Matrix Multiplication Decimal to Binary Number in Characters Alphabet Triangle Number Triangle Fibonacci Triangle Char array to string in C++ Calculator Program in C++ Program to convert infix to postfix expression in C++ using the Stack Data Structure C++ program to merge two unsorted arrays C++ coin change program C++ program to add two complex numbers using class C++ program to find the GCD of two numbers C++ program to find greatest of four numbers Delete Operator in C++ How to concatenate two strings in c++ Upcasting and Downcasting in C++ C++ Dijkstra Algorithm using the priority queue Constructor overloading in C++ Default arguments in C++ Dynamic binding in C++ Dynamic memory allocation in C++ Fast input and output in C++ Hierarchical inheritance in C++ Hybrid inheritance in C++ Multiple Inheritance in C++ C++ Bitwise XOR Operator Different Ways to Compare Strings in C++ Reverse an Array in C++ C++ date and time Copy elision in C++ Array of sets in C++ Smart pointers in C++ Types of polymorphism in C++ Implementing the sets without C++ STL containers Scope Resolution Operator in C++ Static Member Function in C++ Const keyword in C++ Memset in C++ Type Casting in C++ Binary Operator Overloading in C++ Binary Search in C++ Inheritance in C++ vs JAVA Static Keyword in C++ and JAVA Exception Handling in C++ and JAVA Foreach in C++ and JAVA C++ templates vs. Java generics Similarities and Differences in C++ and JAVA Default Virtual Behaviour in C++ and JAVA C++ hashing programme with chaining Largest subset whose all elements are Fibonacci numbers Opaque Pointer Pointers such as Dangling, Void, Null, and Wild When do we pass arguments by reference or pointer Find Member Function in Vector in C++ Smart Pointer Currency Converter in C++ Find max in Array Function C++ Stopwatch in C++ Student Data Management in C++ Tic-Tac-Toe in C++ Credit Card Validator in C++ Hotel Management in C++ Pacman Game in C++ Billing Management System in C++ 4-Dimensional Array in C/C++ accumulate() and partial_sum() in C++ STL : Numeric header Arrays of Vectors in C++ STL Catching Base and Derived Classes as Exceptions in C++ and Java Forward List in C++ Manipulating Functions Assertions in C/C++ List back() function in C++ STL Type Inference in C++ (auto and decltype) Attributes in C++ BigInt (Big Integers) in C++ with Examples 2D Vector in C++ with User Defined Size Declare a C/C++ Function Returning Pointer to Array of Integer Pointers Jump Statements in C++ Maximum Number of Edges to be Added to a Tree so that it stays a Bipartite Graph Modulus of two Float or Double Numbers Top 10 C++ Project Ideas for Beginners C++ Class Member Functions C++ Program for Find k pairs with Smallest Sums in Two Arrays Check if bits in Range L to R of Two Numbers are Complement of Each other or Not University Management System in C++ Advantage and Disadvantage Friend Function C++ C++ Pre-processors Difference between Circular Queue and Priority Queue forward_list::cbefore_begin() in C++ STL Heap in C++ STL | make_heap(), push_heap(),pop_heap(), sort_heap(), is_heap, is_heap_until() How does 'void*' differ in C and C++ Initialise an Array of objects with Parameterised Constructors in C++ list::push_front() and list::push_back() in C++ STL Maximize the Cost of Repeated Removal of String P or its Reverse from the String S Canteen Management System in C++ Declare a C/C++ Function Returning Pointer to Array of Integer Pointers Name Mangling and Extern C in C++ Different Compilers for C++ Diamond Problem in C++ Function Prototype in C++ Generic Programming in C++ School Fee Enquiry System in C++ Vector Pair in C++ What is a Token in C++ What is include iostream in C++ C++ 'Using' vs 'Typedef' Execute both if and else Statements in C/C++ Simultaneously How to Compile 32-bit Program on 64-bit GCC in C and C++ How to Create and Use ''unique_ptr'' Instances Level Order Traversal in Spiral form Problem with scanf() when there is fgets()/gets()/scanf() After it BFS Code in C++ Create Linked List In C++ Function Overloading in C++ std::minmax() and std::minmax_element() in C++ STL multimap::emplace_hint() Function in C++ STL Multimap find() in C++ STL Multiple Comparisons in a C++ Priority Queue Name Mangling and Extern C in C++ Concept Parameterised Constructor in C++ Remove Duplicates from Sorted Array in C++ Returning Multiple Values from a Function using Tuple and Pair in C++ Scope Resolution Operator vs this Pointer Set a variable without using Arithmetic, Relational or Conditional Operator C++ Program To Sort An Array In Descending Order Timsort Implementation Using C++ What Happens When We Exceed Valid Range of Built-in Data Types in C++ Naked Function Calls in C++ What is operator overloading in C++ Simple Car Racing Game Code in C++ SJF CPU Scheduling Program in C++ Virtual functions and runtime polymorphism What is an abstract class in C++ What is function overloading in C++ Add in Vector C++ Language Default arguments and virtual function Private Inheritance in C++ Socket Programming in C/C++ Multithreading in C++ with Examples Static Object in C++ What is runtime type information Operator Overloading in C++ Add two Array in C++ Calling Conventions in C++ HASHSET IN C++ How many Children does a Binary Tree have How to Create and use CComPtr and CComQIPtr Instances Naming Conventions in C++ DYNAMIC ARRAY STRCMP() IN C++ Add two Numbers using Class in C++ Adding of Two Numbers in C++ Adding Two Arrays in C++ Adding Two Objects in C++ Add two Numbers using Function in C++ C++ class to prevent object copies Raw string literal in C++ Add Two no in C++ program Binary Decision Tree Boolean to String in C++ Stoi function in C++ ToLOWER In C++ UNORDERED_MAP IN C++ C++ Books for Beginners Activity Selection Problem in C++ Activity Selection Program in C++ Actual Argument and Formal Argument in C++ Actual Parameter and Formal Parameter in C++ Adding Two Strings in C++ Adding Vectors in C++ How To Convert a Qstring to Hexadecimal in C++ PAIR IN C++ C++ Program to Count Positive and Negative Numbers in an Array Department Store Management System (DSMS) using C+ Print all Substrings of a String that has equal number of vowels and consonants in C/C++ Accumulator in C++ Acess Specifiers in C++ Add Two Matrix in C++ Add two Numbers in C++ program Add two Numbers Represented by Linked Lists in C++ Associative Containers in C++ C++ Books for Beginners Dynamic Initialization of Objects in C++ Array sum in c++ stl The distinction between the C++ copy constructor and assignment operator Boost::split in c++ library Difference between Declaration of User Defined Function Inside main() and Outside of main() Isprint() in C++ Std partition point in c++ Opening and Closing a File in C in C++ Pdf Overriding Member Function in C++ Password Validation in C++ PID Controller C++ Best C++ Online Course Unordered Set in C++ Convert Camel Case String in Snake Case in C++ C++ Program to Draw Histogram C++ DSA C++ Flow Control C++ program to group anagrams in the given stream of strings cstdlib in C++ Everything You Need to Know About Conio.h Library Functions in C/C++ Increment and Decrement Operators in C++ How to generate random number between 1 to 10 in C++ How to Manipulate cout Object using C++ IOS Library Sliding Window Algorithm in C++ What is Bottom-up Approach in C++ What is Top-Down Approach in C++ Bitmask in C++ Ordered Map C++ Characteristics of Destructor in C++ Factory Design Pattern C++ REPL C++ AVL Tree in C++ Des in C++ Boost Library in C++ C++ 11 Lambda Expression Concurrency in C++ C++ GUI Static Library Linking in C++ Constexpr in C++ Difference between break and continue in C++ C++ Boolean Encapsulation in C++ OpenGL C++ Sequence Containers in C++ Difference between C++ and rust Falcon C++ Popcount C++ Boost C++ C++ Function Object Boost Library in C++ C++ Concurrency What are Macros in C++ Design Pattern in C++ C++ Factory Pattern Functor in C++ C++ GUI How to Create a New Thread in C++ C++ Static Member C++ Static Variable C++ Template Specialization Difference between New and Delete operator in C++ Differences between Vector and List in C++ Dynamic Cast in C++ Shell sort in C++ Jagged Array in C++ What is containership in C++ Cerr in C++ Make_shared in C++ Rethrowing an Exception in C++ Trigraphs in C++ Cin.ignore() function in C++ Difference between function overloading and function overriding in C++ Typeid operator in C++ String_view in C++ Anonymous objects in C++ Cerr in C++ Make_shared in C++ Rethrowing an Exception in C++ Trigraphs in C++ Cin.ignore() function in C++ Difference between function overloading and function overriding in C++ Typeid operator in C++ String_view in C++ Anonymous objects in C++ abdul bari c++ Conversion Constructor in C++ Find Leap Year in C++ How to Access Vector Elements in C++ Static cast in C++ Symbol Table in C++ tellp() function in C++ Matrix addition in C++ Visibility Modes in C++ C++ Initializer List Diffie-Hellmam Algorithm in C++ Wide Character in C++ Bitwise Operators in C++ How Many Indicators are Available in C++ iota() in C++ Tellg() Function in C++ Coroutines in C++ Isdigit() function in C++ isupper() function in C++ npos in C++ seekg() function in C++ Trie Data Structure in C++ Difference between C++ and JavaScript CStudio in C++ Dosbox C++ DOSBox Turbo C++ Object Creation in C++ Bisection method in C++ Cin.get() in C++ Edmonds Karp Algorithm in C++ Include guards in C++ Weak Pointer in C++ Apriori Algorithm Implementation in C++ Babylonian Method to find Square Root in C++ Concentric Rectangular Pattern in C++ Inbuilt functions in C++ Pointer to an object in C++ Private Destructor in C++ Unary Operator Overloading in C++ Unique_ptr in C++ Call By Value in C++ Climits in C++ Command line arguments in C++ Conversion operator in C++ How to create a game engine in C++ Static Polymorphism in C++ Character Set in C++ Output operator in C++ Object Pointer in C++ Odd or Even Number Programs in C++ Operator Overloading in C++ Using Friend Function Ostream in C++ Kadane's Algorithm in C++ Kruskal's Algorithm in C++ Quick Sort Algorithm in C++ Abstract factory design pattern in C++ Access Class Members in C++ Adjacency List in C++ Make_pair in C++ Multiple Catch Statements in C++ Thread pool in C++ KMP Algorithm in C++ Abstract data types in C++ Bubble Sort in C++ DDA line drawing algorithm in C++ Setf() in C++ Sieve of eratosthnes in C++ Banker's Algorithm in C++ Bellman-Ford Algorithm in C++ Bubble Sort Algorithm in C++ Quick Sort Implementation in C++ Sorting Algorithms in C++ Calloc in C++ Multiplication Table in C++ Print the corner elements and their sum in a 2-D matrix in C++ Special Operators in C++ Prim's Algorithm in C++ C++ Program to display factors of a number Call by the reference in C++ Fstream in C++ How to Create a Singleton Class in C++ Knapsack Problem in C++ Merge Sort Pseudocode C++ Objective C vs C++ Pointer Hackerrank solution in C++ Reinterpret_cast in c++ Tree Implementation in C++ Custom sort string in C++ Stack functions in C++ Thread Synchronization in C++ Leaders in an array in C++ How to implement Min Heap in C++ C++ program to divide a string into N equal parts Celebrity Problem in C++ Best C++ game engine for beginners Maximum circular subarray sum in C++ Print unique rows in a given Binary matrix in C++ Mutable keywords in C++ Move all zeroes to end of array in C++ Menu-driven program in C++ Reversal algorithm for Array rotation in C++ Sort elements by frequency in C++ Stable Marriage Problem in C++ Boyer Moore Algorithm for Pattern Searching in C++ C++ program for run Length Encoding and Decoding C++ Program to find if a character is a Vowel or Consonant C++ Program to find the number of Islands using DFS Clamp in C++ Diameter of binary tree in C++ Foldable binary tree in C++ Lexicographic rank of a String in C++ Merge overlapping Intervals in C++ Override keyword in C++ Search in a row-wise and column-wise sorted matrix in C++ Set insertion and deletion in C++ std::thread detach in C++ Tug of war in C++ Merge Sort Algorithm in C++ Variadic Templates in C++ Tree isomorphism problem in C++ Thread Safe Queue in C++ Stock span problem in C++ std::tie in C++ Std::back_inserter in C++ Std::allocator() in C++ QuickSort on Singly Linked List in C++ Pancake sorting in C++ Nested Namespace in C++ Largest Rectangular Area in Histogram using Segment Tree in C++ C++ async await C++ Program for Counting Inversions in an Array Hamilton Cycle Detection in C++ Insertion in Splay Tree in C++ kruskal's algorithm in C++ Maximum product subarray in C++ Print all interleavings of given two strings in C++ Aho-Corasick Algorithm for Pattern Searching in C++ An In-Place Algorithm for String Transformation in C++ C++ program for product array puzzle C++ Program to Demonstrate Usage of bind1st Binder C++ Program to Find Determinant of a Matrix Call by address in C++ Chrono in C++ Count Smaller Elements on Right Side in C++ Equilibrium index of an array in C++ flock() function in C++ Power set algorithm in C++ Stack smashing detected in C++ The Great Tree List Recursion Problem in C++ Timer implementation in C++ Tower of Hanoi Algorithm in C++ Linear Search Algorithm in C++ The Fastest Sorting Algorithm in C++ Boundary traversal of binary tree in C++ Box Stacking Problem in C++ C++ flat_map C++ Program to Find Factorial of a Number using Iteration C++ Program To Find Normal and Trace of a Matrix C++ Program to Represent Linear Equations in Matrix Form C++ Program to Swap Rows of Matrix C++ Program to Toggle Cases in a String cuckoo hashing in C++ Draw a circle without floating point arithmetic in C++ Find a sorted subsequence of size 3 in linear time in C++ Finding a Peak Element in an Array in C++ forward_list::splice_after() in C++ Global constant in C++ ios::rdstate() Function in C++ K-Dimensional tree in C++ One time pad algorithm in C++ Print All Permutations in Sorted (Lexicographic) Order in C++ std::stod, std::stof, std::stold in C++ std::stof in C++ std::stol function in C++ std::stoll() Function in C++ String::npos in C++ Insertion Sort Needleman-Wunsch Algorithm Binary GCD Algorithm in C++ C++ Program to Check if a Matrix is Orthogonal or Not C++ Program to Find Fibonacci Numbers using Matrix Exponentiation C++ Program to perform message encoding using matrix multiplication C++ Unordered_Mutimap Deque::front() and deque::back() in C++ Difference between std::set vs std::vector in C++ forward_list merge() in C++ forward_list::unique() in C++ How to convert std::string to lpcwstr in C++ How to get the value of Pi in C++ Maximum size square sub-matrix with all 1s in C++ multimap get_allocator() function in C++ Neural network in C++ Rotate bits of a number in C++ Sparse array in C++ Std::allocator_arg in C++ std::string::append vs std::string::push_back() vs Operator += in C++ std::Chrono::Time_point in C++ Std::nullopt in C++ Strspn() Function in C++ unordered_multimap rehash() function in C++ Why (non-const) global variables are evil in C++ 'asm' Declaration in C++ Block Swap Algorithm for Array Rotation in C++ C++ thread_local DFA-based division in C++ Difference between std::quick_exit and std::abort in C++ Flattening a Linked List in C++ forward_list::reverse() in C++ ios::setstate() function in C++ Is_open Function in C++ mbsrtowcs() Function in C/C++ std::array::crbegin in C++ wmemmove() function in C++ AES Algorithm in C++ C++ Dictionaries C++ Program for Double to String Conversion C++ Program to Perform Mathematical Operation on Valarray Elements Create Bingo Game Using C++ Difference between Friend Function and Virtual Function in C++ C++ - Difference between Functors and Functions feholdexcept() in C++ iswgraph() in C/C++ out of range exception C++ strcoll() in C++ beta(), betaf() and betal() functions in C++ STL cshift() function for valarray in C++ Difference Between deque::assign and deque::empty in C++ Difference between header files stdio.h and stdlib.h Difference between std::set::lower_bound and std::lower_bound in C++ Difference between std::swap and std::vector::swap How to Square a Number in C++ is_polymorphic template in C++ is_trivial in C++ iswblank() function in C/C++ match_results empty() in C++ STL match_results prefix() and suffix() in C++ multimap::count() in C++ ratio_less_equal() function in C++ smatch max_size() function in C++ STL sqrtl function in C++ std::unary_negate() in C++ std::numeric_limits::max() and std::numeric_limits::min() in C++ std::string::crbegin() and std::string::crend() in C++ towctrans() function in C++ Uniform Initialization in C++ unordered_multimap max_load_factor() function in C++ Use of explicit keyword in C++ wcrtomb() function in C/C++ wcstoimax() and wcstoumax() function in C/C++

MCQ

C++ MCQ C++ MCQ Part 2

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C++ Vector back()

It gives a reference to the last element.

cpp vector back() function

Syntax

Consider a vector v.Syntax would be:

Parameter

This function does not contain any parameter.

Return value

This function returns the last element of vector

Example

Let's see a simple example.

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
vector<string>  fruit{"mango","apple","banana"};
cout<<fruit.back();
return 0; 
}

Output:

banana

In this example, back() function displays the last element of the vector named 'fruit'.

Next TopicVector front() Function

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