Difference Between General Elections and By-Elections

Today, there are around 100 democratic countries in the world. Each has its own system of governance, but one thing that is common among them is that they hold elections regularly. Elections are a regulated process by which citizens of a nation select and replace their leaders regularly. Elections can be classified into two categories: general elections and by-elections. In this article, we will learn about elections, and understand the differences between general elections and by-elections.

What are Elections

An election is the process by which citizens of a nation choose their leaders. Since the 17th century, elections have served as the primary mechanism for modern representative democracy. Elections may be held to fill positions in the legislature, judiciary, and executive of local and national government.

Why are Elections Important

Elections are extremely crucial in any democracy. They let people elect representatives to administer the country on their behalf and provide a mechanism for removing existing leaders and replacing them. Elections also increase political engagement since they allow voters to express their opinions and propose reforms. They function as a self-corrective mechanism and motivate political parties to perform well to gain public support.

Who can Vote in India

The Indian Constitution states that all citizens over the age of 18 are eligible to vote. They are eligible to vote in national, state, district, and local government elections. No one can be held or stopped from voting unless they meet the conditions for disqualification. Each voter is only permitted to vote once and can only vote in the constituency for which he has registered.

What are General Elections

General elections are the process by which citizens of a country choose their leaders to run the country on their behalf. In order to maintain the government's accountability to the people, general elections are held on a regular basis, typically every four to five years.

What are By-Elections

An election held to fill a vacancy in an office between general elections is called a by-election, or by-poll in India. A vacancy may occur because of an incumbent dying or resigning, becoming ineligible to remain in office, or an election being annulled due to voting irregularities.

Difference Between General Elections and By-Elections

Key differences between general elections and by-elections are discussed in the following table.

Conclusion

General elections are the process by which citizens of a country choose their leaders to run the country on their behalf. They are held regularly after a predetermined period and determine the future of a country. On the other hand, by-elections are held to fill a vacancy in an office between general elections. By-elections, though not as important as general elections, help political parties gain momentum and rise to prominence.