HTML Practical Questions

Web pages are built on a language known as HTML, which plays a significant role in web development. While the above knowledge may be necessary, no matter your degree of development experience, an understanding of HTML is fundamental. In this article, we address several commonly asked HTML questions and explain why, accompanied by illustrations for your convenience.

1. What is the DOCTYPE declaration, and why is it important?

The DOCTYPE declaration (<!DOCTYPE html>) instructs the browser concerning the proper presentation of the webpage and the version of HTML to be used. The guide helps the browser to interpret the content and present it correctly. Unnecessary rendering differences between browsers and compatibility concerns may arise from incorrect or missing DOCTYPE selections.

Html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
   
<title>My Webpage</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <!-- Your content here -->
  </body>
</html>

2. Explain the difference between <div> and <span> elements

However, <div> and <span> represent two distinct HTML elements that can be utilized for organizing as well as formatting information. Moreover, a webpage may be broken into sections by making use of the block-level element <div> that can organize and decorate long areas or paragraphs. It's commonly employed for arranging in the arrangement of a webpage, breaking it down into separate parts. Nonetheless, within a block-level element like <div>, using span would enable the style and editing of certain textual portions. For this reason, it is sometimes applied to small pieces of the material, such as a word or phrase within lengthier paragraphs.

<div>
  <h1>This is a heading</h1>
  <p>This is a paragraph inside a div.</p>
</div>

<p>This is <span>inline</span> text with a span element.</p>

3. What is the purpose of the alt attribute in an <img> tag?

The alternative text for an image can be found by using the alt attribute in an <img> tag. Its primary aim is to present easily interpretable information regarding the subject matter in the picture. An alt property is where some text that is included helps in bringing across the purpose or meaning, an image would have when it can't be displayed or for a person using a screen reader. To top this up, an alternative text serves as a help to search engines in identifying the content of such images while also boosting the SEO.

4. How do you create a hyperlink that opens in a new tab?

Create a hyperlink using the HTML anchor <a> tag with the property of target="_blank." The only requirement is that you add "target="_blank" within the <a> tag with its href attribute pointing to the intended destination URL. On clicking that hyperlink, this attribute-value pair tells the browser to open an attached site in a fresh tab.

5. Explain the difference between id and class attributes.

An HTML ID can be used on a website to identify a particular element. Each ID on a page should be unique to make it possible to target that element precisely for styling/scripting purposes. Nevertheless, bringing a number of components together under one class name allows these parts to be stylized or have some behavior change concurrently. However, many things can be of the same class, unlike the ID, which gives a unique identity for individual things on different sections of the website.

<div id="uniqueElement">This is a uniquely identified element.</div>

<p class="highlight">This paragraph shares a class for styling.</p>

6. What does the DOCTYPE declaration affect in terms of rendering?

HTML DOCTYPE declaration is made to tell the browser how to treat, see, and process the contents of the page in an organized manner through the use of an appropriate version of HTML or XHTML standard. This also affects the browser's render mode and the layout engine. A valid DOCTYPE declaration makes browsers more aware of the exact rules needed for them to be applied while displaying a web page.

This ensures presentation consistency with respect to rendering and parsing, quirks mode selection or standards mode selection, styling interpreting, and layout attribute handling, and has a huge impact on end final output rendering.

The DOCTYPE declaration determines the rendering mode that a browser employs to display a webpage. It influences how HTML components are processed and rendered and affects CSS processing, rendering, and layout.

7. What are semantic HTML elements, and why are they important?

Semantic HTML elements that use specific tags are essential in defining the structure as well as the semantics of content within a webpage. The semantic elements comprise such elements as <horder>, <footer>, <article>, <nav>, whereas the non-semantic elements are represented by an <div> or an <span>. It is imperative in their entirety to read code, SEO, and accessibility.

Semantic markups allow developers to develop user-friendly materials, which may be accessible even for individuals with disabilities such as visually impaired or blind through their respective assistive technologies like screen readers. In addition, search engines would understand the context and structure of the content, making it easier for search engine optimization (SEO). The semantic HTML components enhance webpage usability and also increase the code quality of a webpage.

<header>
 
<h1>Website Header</h1>
  <nav>
    <ul>
     
<li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
     
<li><a href="#">About</a></li>
     
<li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
    </ul>
  </nav>
</header>
<section>
 
<article>
   
<h2>Article Title</h2>
   
<p>Article content goes here...</p>
 
</article>
</section>
<footer>
 
<p>&copy;  2023 YourWebsite</p>
</footer>

8. How can you create a dropdown menu using HTML?

With the use of the "<select>" option" elements, you can add a dropdown menu to your HTML document. The <select> tag constitutes the drop, while all the items on the menu are expressed with the help of <option> tags. For example, you might have a single element of selection containing different elements of options inside it, such as in a dropdown menu meant to show different kinds of fruit. As an illustration, consider this:

<select>
  <option value="apple">Apple</option>
  <option value="orange">Orange</option>
  <option value="banana">Banana</option>
</select>

This code helps in creating a dropdown list that will display selections as "Apple," "Orange" and "Banana." What appears in the dropdown menu can be changed by changing the text and values inside the <option> tags. In addition, you can change the appearance and features of the dropdown using CSS and JavaScript.

9. Explain the difference between GET and POST methods in HTML forms.

While the two operate similarly, the manner in which they transmit data from a user to the server differs significantly for GET and POST. During transmission of small, less vulnerable data, GET shares with users what it is that is being transported inside the URL of the request header. However, POST sends bulky or private data within the request body instead of appearing in the URL, and it is therefore more appreciated than GET. POST is better when making changes to server-side data (for example, when doing transactions or filling out a form). Security and privacy are what POST emphasizes.

<form action="submit.php" method="GET">
  <!-- Form fields here -->
  <input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>

<form action="submit.php" method="POST">
  <!-- Form fields here -->
  <input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>

10. How do you embed a video in HTML?

One could use the <video> element to place a video in HTML. Observe this simple example:

<video width="320" height="240" controls>
  <source src="video.mp4" type="video/mp4">
  Your browser does not support the video tag.
</video>

The <video> element helps build a container for the video. Attributes such as width and height define dimensions, whereas control buttons (play, pause, and volume) add controls. The <video> tag uses the <source> element, with attributes src specifying the location of a video file's source, while type declares the video file's type or MIME type. You can incorporate several <source> elements in order to offer a number of video formats in a cross-browser environment. If a browser does not support the video tag, it will display the texts contained within the opening <video> and closing </video> tag.

11. What is the purpose of the data attribute in HTML5?

The "data" feature in HTML5 allows developers to store any custom data inside HTML elements. This provides a way to increase data in the part without resorting to outboard storing features. This property can either take the value "TEXT" or "INT" or any other valid prefix starting with "DATA," like "DATA-TEXT." Think about it as a storage place for a more meaningful part of your object than some script in JS will ever need. Connecting custom data to particular functions allows developers to build more flexible and adaptive web applications. It is also important when it comes to transferring data between various HTML pages and as well as JavaScript codes.

Example:

<div id="product" data-product-id="123" data-category="electronics">Product Information</div>

Accessing data attributes using JavaScript:

const productDiv = document.getElementById('product');

const productId = productDiv.dataset.productId;

const category = productDiv.dataset.category;

12. How can you embed an audio file in HTML?

The top can be used to give many file formats for the broader browser functionality support of embedding an audio element on HTML.

In cases where the audio element is incompatible with some browsers (e.g., Internet Explorer), the instruction "Your browser does not support the audio element." can be included as a substitute.

In this instance:

The <audio> element includes the audio material.

There are control properties that allow for having playback controls on the current audio player.

Inside the <audio> tag, the <source> tag gives a type attribute indicating the Mime type of the audio file named as (in this particular example- audiofile.mp3). Alternatively, several <source> tags may be employed for multiple file formats with the aim of increasing browser availability.

For browsers that do not support the audio file format or the <audio> tag, there is a fallback message: "Your browser does not support an audio command."

Here's an example of how you can embed an audio file:

<audio controls>
  <source src="audiofile.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">
  Your browser does not support the audio element.
</audio>

Using this code, a simple audio player will be generated on a website, and a visitor can listen to and manipulate the audio play by clicking at several positions. For instance, if your audio file is in the form of audio/mpeg for MP3 records, then you have to alter the type property and specify the value of the src attribute as your audio file's path or URL.

13. Explain the purpose of the content editable attribute.

The content editable property of HTML states when you can edit an element on a web page directly. This has the same effect as an editable text editor. Users can edit content within HTML elements, including containers such as div or p. This property is very useful, especially when designing rich text editors, interactive online apps, and document editing interfaces. It eliminates the need for different input fields whenever users want to insert or amend textual content.

If you have an attribute set to an element - its content editable is true. This allows the browser to make users work with an element and its content as if they can directly type there, delete, or make any formatting changes straight on the page. Developers can use JavaScript to access and edit the changed content, making the system responsive in changing contents and interactive based on user inputs.

But, when using editable content, one ought to be mindful of matters of vulnerability and accessibility. Thus, in addition to adopting pertinent decontamination and validation processes that will limit possible XSS attacks due to user-generated content, developers should ensure that this fresh data is available to users with disabilities.

14. How do you create a table in HTML?

When writing a table in HTL, the <table> element is used as the container of the table's structure. Rows of information contained within the <table> element are defined by using the <tr> tags. Cells in a row are either designated by the <th> (a table header tag) or the <td> (a table data tag).

To build a simple table, for example, with two rows and two columns:

<table>
  <tr>
   
<th>Header 1</th>
   
<th>Header 2</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   
<td>Data 1</td>
   
<td>Data 2</td>
  </tr>
</table>

15. How can you add comments in HTML?

This is an example where a first row (<tr>) has the headers <th> for the two columns in it. Data from each column is contained in cells of the second row. You can also add several rows to this model that will have the appropriate headers or data for building larger and more complex tables. To alter the number of rows and columns, replicate some of the <tr>, <th>, or <td> entities located within the <table> setup.

<!-- This is a comment in HTML -->
<p>This is a paragraph of text.</p>

Comments are beneficial for a number of reasons:

Documentation: They clarify the complex points and may help their colleagues understand your code.
Temporary Removal: You can "comment out" certain portions of code just for testing or debugging instead of deleting them for good.
Reminders & Notes: You can make remarks to yourself or other developers concerning things that need a follow-up or potential improvements.

Next TopicHTML Scrolling Text

← prev next →