Jackson Vs. Gson

Jackson and Gson both are the libraries/APIs. Both the libraries work with JSON data. These are also used to serialize and deserialize the JSON data to Java objects. Both the libraries are the complete libraries for Java offering JSON data-binding support and being able to handle the complex data types. These libraries provide support for Java generics.

Jackson and Gson both can deserialize JSON data without making any changes in the entity class. In order to use the Jackson and Gson in the code, we need to add the following dependency in our pom.xml file.

Gson Dependency

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
    <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
    <version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>

Jackson Dependency

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
    <version>2.13.2</version>
</dependency>

Now, let's understand how we can use Jackson and Gson libraries to serialize and deserialize the JSON data.

Gson Serialization

There are two ways to serialize Java objects into JSON, i.e., Simple Serialization(by using the toJson() method) and Custom Serialization(by using the custom serializer).

In Simple Serialization, we use the toJson() method of the Gson library to serialize a Java object. We use the toJson() method in the following way:

Let's take an example to understand how we use it for serializing a specific Java object.

GsonSerializationExample1.java

//import required classes and package if any  
import java.util.Scanner;
import com.google.gson.Gson;

//create class GsonSerializationExample1
public class GsonSerializationExample1 {  

	//main() methods start  
	public static void main(String args[]) {  

		// create Scanner class object  
		Scanner sc= new Scanner(System.in);       
		
		College colg;  

		String name, university, street, state, city, rank;  

		System.out.println("Enter College Name:");  
		name = sc.nextLine();  

		System.out.println("Enter University Name:");  
		university = sc.nextLine();  

		System.out.println("Enter Street:");  
		street = sc.nextLine();  
		
		System.out.println("Enter City:");  
		city = sc.nextLine();
		
		System.out.println("Enter State:");  
		state = sc.nextLine();
		
		System.out.println("Enter College Rank:");  
		rank = sc.nextLine();  

		// set values to College  object by using constructor  
		colg = new College(name, university, new Address(street, state, city), rank);
		
		// serialize College using Gson
		String jsonString = new Gson().toJson(colg);
		System.out.println(jsonString);  
            
		//close Scanner class object  
		sc.close();  

	}  
}
//create class College
class College {    

	//Creating properties of College class    
	public String name;      
	public String university;   
	public Address address; 
	public String rank;   

	// constructor  
	College(String name, String university, Address address, String rank){  
		this.name = name;  
		this.university = university;  
		this.address = address;  
		this.rank = rank;  
	}  

}
//create class Address 
class Address {  
	public String street;
	public String state;
	public String city;
	
	Address(String street, String state, String city){  
		  this.street = street;
		  this.state = state;
		  this.city = city;
	}         
}

Output:

However, we can also serialize Java objects by using a custom serializer. By using the custom serializer, we can modify the standard behavior. We can handle the null values, use an output formatter with html, add a new output, or exclude properties from the output.

Let's create serializer for the College.java which we later use for serializing.

CollegeGsonSerializer.java

import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
import com.google.gson.JsonSerializationContext;
import com.google.gson.JsonSerializer;

// create custom serializer for College class
public class CollegeGsonSerializer implements JsonSerializer<College> {
	
	// create an instance of SimpleDateFormat class
    private SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("dd-MM-yyyy");
    
    
    @Override
	public JsonElement serialize(College colg, Type type, JsonSerializationContext context) {
    	
    	// create an instance of JsonObject
    	JsonObject colgJsonObj = new JsonObject();
        
    	// use addProperty() method to add properties to JsonObject
    	colgJsonObj.addProperty("<strong>College Name</strong>", colg.getCollegeName());
        
    	colgJsonObj.addProperty("<strong>University Name</strong>", colg.getUniversityName());
        
    	colgJsonObj.addProperty("<strong>College Est.</strong>", colg.getEst() != null ? sdf.format(colg.getEst()) : null);
        
    	colgJsonObj.addProperty("<strong>College Address</strong> ", colg.getAddress().size() > 0 ?  convertAddress(colg.getAddress()) : null);
       
    	colgJsonObj.addProperty("College Rank", colg.getRank() != null ? colg.getRank() : null);
        
        return colgJsonObj;
	}
    private String convertAddress(List<String> address) {
        return address.stream()
          .collect(Collectors.joining("-"));
    }
}
//create class College
class College {    

	//Creating properties of College class    
	public String name;      
	public String university;   
	public List<String> address; 
	public Date est;
	public String rank;   

	// constructor  
	College(String name, String university, List<String> address, Date est, String rank){  
		this.name = name;  
		this.university = university;  
		this.address = address; 
		this.est = est;
		this.rank = rank;  
	}  
	//Getter and Setters
	public String getCollegeName() {  
		return name;  
	}  
	public String getUniversityName() {  
		return university;  
	}  
	public Date getEst() {  
		return est;  
	}  
	public List<String> getAddress() {  
		return address;  
	}  
	public String getRank() {  
		return rank;  
	}
	@Override    
	public String toString() {    
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub    
		return "\"College [College Name: "+ name + ", College University = " + university + ", College Est. = " + est + ", Address = "+address+", College Rank = "+rank+"]";    
	}  
}

Now, we use the above serializer for serializing the College class.

GsonSerializationExample2.java

import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
//import required classes and package if any  
import java.util.Scanner;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
//create class GsonSerializationExample2 to serialize POJO using custom serializer
public class GsonSerializationExample2 {  
	//main() methods start  
	public static void main(String args[]) {  
		// create Scanner class object  
		Scanner sc= new Scanner(System.in);       
		College colg;  
		String name, university, add1, add2, rank, est;  
		List<String> address = new ArrayList<String>();
		System.out.println("Enter College Name:");  
		name = sc.nextLine();  
		System.out.println("Enter University Name:");  
		university = sc.nextLine();  
		System.out.println("Enter College Address:");  
		add1 = sc.nextLine();  		
		System.out.println("Enter University Address:");  
		add2 = sc.nextLine();
		
		System.out.println("Enter College Est. in dd-mm-yyy format: ");  
		est = sc.nextLine();
		
		System.out.println("Enter College Rank:");  
		rank = sc.nextLine();  

		address.add(add1);
		address.add(add2);
		
		Gson gson = new GsonBuilder()
				.setPrettyPrinting()
				.excludeFieldsWithoutExposeAnnotation()
				.serializeNulls()
				.disableHtmlEscaping()
				.registerTypeAdapter(College.class, new CollegeGsonSerializer())
				.create();
		
		// create an instance of SimpleDateFormat
		SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("dd-MM-yyyy");
		
		try {
			colg = new College(name, university, address, sdf.parse(est), rank);
			
			// convert college to JSON
			String jsonString = gson.toJson(colg);
			System.out.println("After serializing College using custom serializer: "+jsonString);
		
		} catch (ParseException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		//close Scanner class object  
		sc.close();  

	}  
}

Output:

Jackson Serialization

Just like Gson, we can also serialize Java objects into JSON by using Jackson in two ways, i.e., Simple Serialization(by using the writeValueAsString() method) and Custom Serialization(by using the custom serializer).

In Simple Serialization, we use the writeValueAsString() method of Jackson library to serialize a Java object. We use the writeValueAsString() method in the following way:

ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
String jsonString = mapper.writeValueAsString(Object);

Let's take an example to understand how we use it for serializing a specific Java object.

JacksonSerializationExample1.java

//import required classes and package if any  
import java.util.Scanner;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

//create class JacksonSerializationExample1
public class JacksonSerializationExample1 {  

	//main() methods start  
	public static void main(String args[]) {  

		// create an instance of ObjectMapper class
		ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
		
		// create Scanner class object  
		Scanner sc= new Scanner(System.in);       
		
		College colg;  

		String name, university, street, state, city, rank;  

		System.out.println("Enter College Name:");  
		name = sc.nextLine();  

		System.out.println("Enter University Name:");  
		university = sc.nextLine();  

		System.out.println("Enter Street:");  
		street = sc.nextLine();  
		
		System.out.println("Enter City:");  
		city = sc.nextLine();
		
		System.out.println("Enter State:");  
		state = sc.nextLine();
		
		System.out.println("Enter College Rank:");  
		rank = sc.nextLine();  

		// set values to College  object by using constructor  
		colg = new College(name, university, new Address(street, state, city), rank);
		
		String jsonString;
		
		try {
			
			// serialize College using Jackson
			jsonString = mapper.writeValueAsString(colg);
			System.out.println(jsonString);
		
		} catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		  
          
		//close Scanner class object  
		sc.close();  

	}  
}
//create class College
class College {    

	//Creating properties of College class    
	public String name;      
	public String university;   
	public Address address; 
	public String rank;   

	// constructor  
	College(String name, String university, Address address, String rank){  
		this.name = name;  
		this.university = university;  
		this.address = address;  
		this.rank = rank;  
	}  

}
//create class Address 
class Address {  
	public String street;
	public String state;
	public String city;
	
	Address(String street, String state, String city){  
		  this.street = street;
		  this.state = state;
		  this.city = city;
	}         
}

Output:

Just like Gson Custom serialization, we can perform Jackson Custom serialization too by simply creating a serializer. Let's create a custom serializer for the College.java, which we later use for serializing by using Jackson.

CollegeJacksonSerializer.java

import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializerProvider;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.std.StdSerializer;

// create custom serializer for College class
public class CollegeJacksonSerializer extends StdSerializer<College> {
	
	// create an instance of SimpleDateFormat class
    private SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("dd-MM-yyyy");
    
    public CollegeJacksonSerializer(Class t) {
        super(t);
    }

	@Override
	public void serialize(College colg, JsonGenerator gen, SerializerProvider provider) throws IOException {
		gen.writeStartObject();
		
		gen.writeStringField("College Name ", colg.getCollegeName());
		gen.writeStringField("College University ", colg.getUniversityName());
		gen.writeStringField("Address ", colg.getAddress().stream().collect(Collectors.joining("-")));
		gen.writeObjectField("College Est. ", colg.getEst() != null ? sdf.format(colg.getEst()) : null);
		gen.writeStringField("College Rank: ", colg.getRank());
		
		gen.writeEndObject();
	}
    
}
//create class College
class College {    

	//Creating properties of College class    
	public String name;      
	public String university;   
	public List<String> address; 
	public Date est;
	public String rank;   

	// constructor  
	College(String name, String university, List<String> address, Date est, String rank){  
		this.name = name;  
		this.university = university;  
		this.address = address; 
		this.est = est;
		this.rank = rank;  
	}  
	//Getter and Setters
	public String getCollegeName() {  
		return name;  
	}  
	public String getUniversityName() {  
		return university;  
	}  
	public Date getEst() {  
		return est;  
	}  
	public List<String> getAddress() {  
		return address;  
	}  
	public String getRank() {  
		return rank;  
	}
	@Override    
	public String toString() {    
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub    
		return "\"College [College Name: "+ name + ", College University = " + university + ", College Est. = " + est + ", Address = "+address+", College Rank = "+rank+"]";    
	}  
}

Now, we use the above serializer for serializing the College class.

JacksonSerializationExample2.java

import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
//import required classes and package if any  
import java.util.Scanner;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.util.DefaultPrettyPrinter;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.module.SimpleModule;
//create class JacksonSerializationExample2 to serialize POJO using the custom serializer
public class JacksonSerializationExample2 {  

	//main() methods start  
	public static void main(String args[]) throws ParseException {  

		// create Scanner class object  
		Scanner sc= new Scanner(System.in);       
		
		College colg;  

		String name, university, add1, add2, rank, est;  
		
		List<String> address = new ArrayList<String>();
		
		System.out.println("Enter College Name:");  
		name = sc.nextLine();  

		System.out.println("Enter University Name:");  
		university = sc.nextLine();  

		System.out.println("Enter College Address:");  
		add1 = sc.nextLine();  
		
		System.out.println("Enter University Address:");  
		add2 = sc.nextLine();
		
		System.out.println("Enter College Est. in dd-mm-yyy format: ");  
		est = sc.nextLine();
		
		System.out.println("Enter College Rank:");  
		rank = sc.nextLine();  

		address.add(add1);
		address.add(add2);
		
		
		// create an instance of SimpleDateFormat
		SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("dd-MM-yyyy");
		
		colg = new College(name, university, address, sdf.parse(est), rank);
		
		SimpleModule module = new SimpleModule();
		module.addSerializer(new CollegeJacksonSerializer(College.class));
		ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
		try {
			
			String jsonResult = mapper
					.registerModule(module)
					.writer(new DefaultPrettyPrinter())
					.writeValueAsString(colg);
			System.out.println(jsonResult);
			
		} catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}		
	
	
		//close Scanner class object  
		sc.close();  

	}  
}

Output:

Gson Deserialization

Deserialization is another important concept for converting JSON strings into Java objects. We implement the toString() method in both the entity class for illustrating the output. We can also deserialize JSON strings into Java objects in two ways, i.e., Simple Deserialization and Custom Deserialization.

Let's take an example of Simple Deserialization to understand how we can deserialize the JSON string into Java object.

GsonDeserializationExample1.java

import java.text.ParseException;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
//create class GsonDeserializationExample1 to deserialize JSON string into POJO
public class GsonDeserializationExample1 {  
	//main() methods start  
	public static void main(String args[]) throws ParseException {  

	String jsonString = "{\"name\":\"JavaDeveloper\",\"expReq\":2,\"valid\":\"05-04-2022\","
			+ "\"ctc\":700000,\"employees\":[{\"empName\":\"Nicholas\",\"empId\":\"001\","
			+ "\"empAdd\":\"Noida\",\"empContact\":\"123456\"},{\"empName\":\"Brittany\","
			+ "\"empId\":\"002\",\"empAdd\":\"Noida\",\"empContact\":\"123457\"}]}";
			        
	JobPosition position = new Gson().fromJson(jsonString, JobPosition.class);
	System.out.println(position);
	}  
}
//create class JobPosition
class JobPosition {    

	//Creating properties of College class    
	public String name;      
	public int expReq;   
	public String valid;
	public int ctc;   
	public List<Employee> employees; 
	
	// constructor  
	JobPosition(String name, int expReq, List<Employee> employees, String valid, int ctc){  
		this.name = name;  
		this.expReq = expReq;  
		this.valid = valid; 
		this.ctc = ctc;
		this.employees = employees;  
	}
	@Override    
	public String toString() {    
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub    
		return "\"Job Position [Job Position: "+ name + ", Experience Required: " + expReq + ", Last Date To Apply: " + valid + ", CTC: "+ctc+", Employees Details "+employees+"]";    
	}  
}
//create class Employee 
class Employee {  
	public String empName;
	public String empId;
	public String empAdd;
	public String empContact;
	
	Employee(String empName, String empId, String empAdd, String empContact){  
		  this.empName = empName;
		  this.empId = empId;
		  this.empAdd = empAdd;
		  this.empContact = empContact;
	}   
	@Override    
	public String toString() {    
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub    
		return "\"Employee [Employee Name: "+ empName + ", Employee Id: " + empId + ", Employee Address: " + empAdd + ", Employee Contact: "+empContact+"]";    
	}
}

Output:

In Custom Deserialization, we use the custom deserializer. It allows us to modify the standard deserializer behavior. We use the deserializer to reflect the correct time zone for the Last Date To Apply.

Let's take another example of Custom Deserialization to deserialize the JSON string into Java object.

JobPositionGsonDeserializer.java

import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import com.google.gson.JsonArray;
import com.google.gson.JsonDeserializationContext;
import com.google.gson.JsonDeserializer;
import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
public class JobPositionGsonDeserializer implements JsonDeserializer<JobPosition> {
	// create an instance of the SimpleDateFormat
    private SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("dd-MM-yyyy");

    @Override
	public JobPosition deserialize(JsonElement element, Type typeOfT, JsonDeserializationContext context)
			throws JsonParseException {
    	
    	// read element as JSON Object
    	JsonObject obj = element.getAsJsonObject();

        JsonElement JobPositionName = obj.get("name");
        JsonElement expRequired = obj.get("expReq");
        JsonElement ctc = obj.get("ctc");
        JsonElement dateToApply = obj.get("valid");
        JsonArray employeesData = obj.getAsJsonArray("employees");

        ArrayList<String> empList = new ArrayList<String>();
        if (employeesData != null) {
            for (int i = 0; i < employeesData.size(); i++) {
            	empList.add(employeesData.get(i).getAsString());
            }
        }

        JobPosition pos;
		try {
			pos = new JobPosition(JobPositionName.getAsString(), expRequired.getAsInt(), empList, sdf.parse(dateToApply.getAsString()), ctc.getAsInt());
			return pos;
			
		} catch (ParseException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return null;
	}
}

GsonDeserializationExample2.java

import java.text.ParseException;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;

//create class GsonDeserializationExample2 to deserialize JSON string into POJO using custom deserializer
public class GsonDeserializationExample2 {  

	//main() methods start  
	public static void main(String args[]) throws ParseException {  

	String jsonString = "{\"name\":\"JavaDeveloper\",\"expReq\":2,"
			+ "\"valid\":\"05-04-2022\",\"ctc\":700000,\"employees\":[\"Nicholas\",\"Brittany\",Sharon]}";
			        
	Gson gson = new GsonBuilder()
			.registerTypeAdapter(JobPosition.class, new JobPositionGsonDeserializer())
			.create();
	
	JobPosition position = gson.fromJson(jsonString, JobPosition.class);
	System.out.println(position);

	}  
}
//create class JobPosition
class JobPosition {    
	//Creating properties of College class    
	public String name;      
	public int expReq;   
	public Date valid;
	public int ctc;   
	public List<String> employees; 	
	// constructor  
	JobPosition(String name, int expReq, List<String> employees, Date valid, int ctc){  
		this.name = name;  
		this.expReq = expReq;  
		this.valid = valid; 
		this.ctc = ctc;
		this.employees = employees;  
	}
	@Override    
	public String toString() {    
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub    
		return "\"Job Position [Job Position: "+ name + ", Experience Required: " + expReq + ", Last Date To Apply: " + valid + ", CTC: "+ctc+", Employees Details "+employees+"]";    
	}  
}

Output:

Jackson Deserialization

Just like Gson, we can deserialize the JSON string in two ways, i.e., Simple Deserialization and Custom Deserialization. Let's take an example of each one to understand how we deserialize JSON strings with/without a deserializer by using Jackson.

JacksonDeserializationExample1.java

import java.text.ParseException;
import java.util.List;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
//create class JacksonDeserializationExample1 to deserialize JSON string into POJO
public class JacksonDeserializationExample1 {  
	//main() methods start  
	public static void main(String args[]) throws ParseException {  
		String jsonString = "{\"name\":\"JavaDeveloper\",\"expReq\":2,"
				+ "\"valid\":\"05-04-2022\",\"ctc\":700000,\"employees\":[\"Brittany\",\"Nicholas\",\"Sharon\"]}";
		// create an instance of ObjectMapper class
		ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
		// deserialize jsonString into POJO
		try {
			JobPosition position = mapper.readValue(jsonString, JobPosition.class);
			System.out.println(position);
		} catch (JsonMappingException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

	}  
}
//create class JobPosition
class JobPosition {    

	//Creating properties of College class    
	public String name;      
	public int expReq;   
	public String valid;
	public int ctc;   
	public List<String> employees; 
	
	// default constructor
	JobPosition(){
		this.name = null;
		this.expReq = 0;
		this.valid = null;
		this.ctc = 0;
		this.employees = null;
	}
	
	// constructor  
	JobPosition(String name, int expReq, List<String> employees, String valid, int ctc){  
		this.name = name;  
		this.expReq = expReq;  
		this.valid = valid; 
		this.ctc = ctc;
		this.employees = employees;  
	}
	@Override    
	public String toString() {    
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub    
		return "\"Job Position [Job Position: "+ name + ", Experience Required: " + expReq + ", Last Date To Apply: " + valid + ", CTC: "+ctc+", Employees Details "+employees+"]";    
	}  
}

Output:

JacksonDeserializationExample2.java

import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
//create class JacksonDeserializationExample2 to deserialize JSON string into POJO
public class JacksonDeserializationExample2 {  
	//main() methods start  
	public static void main(String args[]) throws ParseException { 
		String jsonString = "{\"name\":\"JavaDeveloper\",\"expReq\":2,"
				+ "\"valid\":\"2022-09-21T12:00:00+01:00\",\"ctc\":700000,\"employees\":[\"Brittany\",\"Nicholas\",\"Sharon\"]}";
		// create an instance of SimpleDateFormat class
		SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss");	
		// create an instance of ObjectMapper class
		ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
		// add date format to ObjectMapper class
		mapper.setDateFormat(sdf);
		// deserialize jsonString into POJO
		try {
			JobPosition position = mapper.readValue(jsonString, JobPosition.class);
			System.out.println(position);
		} catch (JsonMappingException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

	}  
}
//create class JobPosition
class JobPosition {    
	//Creating properties of College class    
	public String name;      
	public int expReq;   
	public Date valid;
	public int ctc;   
	public List<String> employees; 
	
	// default constructor
	JobPosition(){
		this.name = null;
		this.expReq = 0;
		this.valid = null;
		this.ctc = 0;
		this.employees = null;
	}
	
	// constructor  
	JobPosition(String name, int expReq, List<String> employees, Date valid, int ctc){  
		this.name = name;  
		this.expReq = expReq;  
		this.valid = valid; 
		this.ctc = ctc;
		this.employees = employees;  
	}
	@Override    
	public String toString() {    
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub    
		return "\"Job Position [Job Position: "+ name + ", Experience Required: " + expReq + ", Last Date To Apply: " + valid + ", CTC: "+ctc+", Employees Details "+employees+"]";    
	}  
}

Output: