Latex Figure

The figures and graphs in Latex are created using the figure environment, which is represented as:

\begin{figure}[where]
......
\end{figure}

Here, where represents the location of the figure either at the top [t] or the bottom [b].

All the pictures inserted in the figure and the graphicx environment will be indexed automatically and tagged with the successive numbers. It takes care of the positioning and numbering of images in a document. You need to include the \includegraphics command to insert an image.

Latex applies some principles to arrange the text, which is commonly known as floats.

Floats

The floats solve the problem to fit the text that won-t fit on the same/present page. The floats are the separate entities that are positioned in a part of the page, namely, top, bottom, middle, left, right, or wherever the design specifies. The floats are always captioned and numbered so that they can be referred to anywhere in the document.

The float is created using the figure environment, which is given below:

\begin{figure}{placement specifier}
..........
\end{figure}

The placement specifiers are :

h (places in the same place where the source text exists)
b (bottom), t (top)
p (it puts on the special page, which is used for the floats only)
! (override)
H (it places the float at a precise location). The package \usepackage{float} is required to implement this float specifier.

Caption Figures

The following example is given below:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\begin{document}

\begin{figure}[h!]
\caption{The picture of the lion}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{lion}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

Here, we have specified the center command to display the image in the center. The \textwidth command is used to determine the width of the picture.

Output:

$Latex Figure$

Let-s consider another example of caption using the float package.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\begin{document}

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{star1}
\caption{This is the picture of stars}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

Output:

$Latex Figure$

The two figures with one and two caption are given below:

Two figures with one caption

The code for two figures with one caption is given below:

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{float}
\begin{document}

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\includegraphics[height=1.1in]{traffic}%
\hspace{1.3in}% to add some horizontal spacing
\includegraphics[height=1.1in]{traffic1}%
\caption{Example \LaTeX\ traffic pictures with One Caption} 
\label{fig:traffic logo}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

Output:

$Latex Figure$

Two figures with two caption

In this example, we have used the minipage command. This command is written as \begin{minipage}[c]{0.5\textwidth}. You can determine the width according to the requirements.

The minipage command is used to put the things next to each other, which will be difficult otherwise. It is used to build an additional page within an existing page. For example, two pictures arranged side by side.

The code for two figures with two caption is given below:

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{float}
\begin{document}

\begin{minipage}[c]{0.5\textwidth}
\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\includegraphics[height=1.2in]{traffic}
\caption{Example traffic logo} 
\label{fig:traffic1}
\end{figure}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}[c]{0.5\textwidth}
\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\includegraphics[height=1.2in]{traffic1}
\caption{Example traffic logo} 
\label{fig:traffic2}
\end{figure}
\end{minipage}

\end{document}

Output:

$Latex Figure$

Label and Reference of picture

For the label and reference, you need to include the refstyle package. The command is written as \usepackage{refstyle}. Let-s understand it, with an example. The code is given below:

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{refstyle}
\usepackage{caption}

\begin{document}
\large A variety of flowers  
\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{flower}
\caption{A picture of bundle of flowers}
\label{fig:flower}
\end{figure}
as shown in \figref{flower}
 
\end{document}

The \figref command is used for the reference of that picture further in the document. The ref will be numbered automatically.

Output:

$Latex Figure$

Counters

In Latex, the tables and figures have independent counters. You can notice the code and output given in the below example.

\documentclass[a5paper,12pt]{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\begin{document}

\begin{figure}
 \caption{A picture of a lion.}
 \centering
 \includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{lion}
 \end{figure}

 \begin{figure}
 \centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{star1} % the picture of lion and star1 are saved in the folder where the Latex files are present
 \caption{A picture of stars}
\end{figure}

\begin{table}
\centering
    \begin{tabular}{| l| c |r |}
    \hline
    a & b & c \\
    d & e & f \\
    \hline
    \end{tabular}
  \caption{A simple table}
\end{table}

\end{document}

Output:

$Latex Figure$

Reflected Picture

For the reflected image of the same picture, the reflectbox command is used. The command is written as \reflectbox{% \includegraphics{...}}. The code and the output is given in the below example:

\documentclass[a5paper,12pt]{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\begin{document}

\begin{figure}
 \caption{A picture of a bird.}
 \centering
 \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{bird}
 \end{figure}
 
 \begin{figure}
 \centering
 \reflectbox{%
  \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{bird}}
 \caption{A reflected picture of same bird}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

You can notice the difference between the original picture and the reflected picture.

Output:

$Latex Figure$

Subfigures in Latex

Sometimes it is required to add more than one or two pictures. The environment subfigure is used to display multiple images. You need to add various subfigure environments to configure.

The code or program is given below:

\documentclass[a5paper,12pt]{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\begin{document}

\begin{figure}[h]
 \centering
 \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.4\linewidth} % here, b means bottom
 \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{coffee}
 \caption{Coffee}
 \end{subfigure}
 \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.4\linewidth}
 \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{coffee1} % you can specify any picture
 \caption{Another coffee}
 \end{subfigure}
 \caption{The two types of coffee design}
 \label{fig:coffee}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

You can notice the two pictures which are next to each other in the output.

Output:

$Latex Figure$

Table of figures

The two examples to include figures in the table format are given below:

1. The code for first example is given below:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{xcolor, soul} % this package is added because of the background-color

\begin{document}
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{cc}
\pagecolor{pink}
 CD (Compact Disk) & Hard Disk Drive \\
\includegraphics[height=1.4in]{CD} &
\includegraphics[height=1.4in]{HDD} \\
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\end{document}

Here, we have used the background color to enhance our document.

Output:

$Latex Figure$

2. The code for second example is given below:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}

\begin{document}
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|c |c|} \hline
 Time & Flower \\
1s & \includegraphics[height=0.6in]{flower1} \\ \hline % the picture was saved with the flower1 name
2s & \includegraphics[height=0.8in]{flower1} \\ \hline
3s & \includegraphics[height=1.0in]{flower1} \\ \hline
4s & \includegraphics[height=1.2in]{flower1} \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\end{document}

Output:

$Latex Figure$

List and Species

The list is displayed using the listoffigures command. The page number and the name of the list will be numbered automatically using this command. The \newcommand species was formed to highlight the species name in the document. The example is given below:

\documentclass[12pt,]{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\newcommand{\species}[1]{\textit{#1} sp.} % \textit{#1} is used to display the name of species in italics
\begin{document}

\listoffigures
\section{Introduction}

\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=2.5in]{lynx}
\caption[Close up of cat species \species{lynx}]
	{Close up of \species{lynx}, which is part of the cat family. It is the species within the medium size wild cat live in Europe and Africa.}  % \species{lynx} command is used to display the species word in the format declared above, i.e., italics
\end{figure}

\end{document}  

You can use any text format to display the species name.

Output:

$Latex Figure$

Text wrapping

The author prefers to wrap the text around the picture so that the flow is not interrupted. Wrapping figures and text requires a lot of adjustment. It includes the package and the special commands.

The package used is the wrapfig package. The command is written as:

It gives access to the command namely,

Let-s understand it with an example. The code is given below:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{wrapfig}

\begin{document}
\begin{wrapfigure}{i}{100mm}
\begin{center}
The Sun is the star that is present at the center of the Solar System. It is considered the most important source of energy for life on Earth. The diameter of the Sun is 109 times that of the Earth, while the mass of Sun is about 330,000 times the mass of the Earth. The Sun every second converts 4 million tones of matter into energy.

\includegraphics[scale=0.1]{sun}
\caption{The Sun}
The Sun consists of the hydrogen and helium with smaller quantities of oxygen, carbon, neon, iron, and some heavier elements. The contribution of hydrogen is approx 73 percent, and helium is about 25 percent.
\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{sun1}

\caption{The Sun cartoon}
\end{center}
\end{wrapfigure}

\end{document}

Output: