Personnel Involved in Database Management System

A huge database with a few hundred users is designed, used, and maintained by numerous people. Here, we'll focus on individuals who could be referred to as "Actors on the Scene," whose employment requires them to regularly use a sizable database. A database's life cycle begins with its design and ends with its administration. A database must be correctly constructed for any kind of demand in order for it to function without any problems.

After the design is finished, it must be installed. Users can then begin using the database after this stage is finished. The database expands as more data is added to it. The performance of the database declines as it grows larger.

Database Administrator

The database administrator is in charge of managing the primary (database) and secondary (DBMS and related software) (DBA). The DBA is in charge of granting access to the database, organizing and overseeing its use, and procuring necessary hardware and software resources.

Roles of a Database Administrator

• Installing the DBMS Servers:

The new DBMS server installation for the new projects is the DBA's responsibility. As new versions or specifications are needed, he is also in charge of upgrading these servers.

• Designing and Implementation:

He should be able to make decisions regarding the database's memory usage, file organization, error handling, log management, etc.

• Performance Tuning:

Due to the size of the database and the abundance of tables, data, constraints, and indices, there may occasionally be changes in performance. The DBA is in charge of optimizing database performance.

• Backup and Recovery:

The DBA must create and keep up-to-date proper backup and recovery programs. One of the key duties of a DBA is this. Data should be periodically backed up so that, in the event of a crash, it can be restored with minimal difficulty and data loss.

• Documentation:

DBAs often need to keep up with all of their installation, backup, recovery, and security procedures. He needs to keep a variety of performance reports for the database.

• Security:

The DBA is in charge of establishing numerous database users and roles and assigning them varying levels of access privileges.

Database Designers

Identification of the data to be stored in the database and the selection of suitable structures to represent and store this data are the responsibilities of database designers. Database designers often work with each conceivable group of users and interact with them to create a representation of the database that satisfies their needs for processing and data.

Categories of Database Designers

• Logical Database Designers:

The entities and properties of the data, as well as their relationships and storage limitations, are all things that the logical database designer is concerned with.

The organization's data, as well as any restrictions on it, must be fully understood by the logical database designer.

• Physical Database Designers:

The physical database designer makes the practical implementation of the logical database design decisions.

Roles are discussed:

• Mapping a collection of tables and integrity constraints to the logical database design.
• To achieve optimal performance, particular storage and access techniques must be used for the data.

End Users

End users are those individuals whose occupations need them to have access to the database for the purposes of querying, updating, and producing reports.

Categories of End Users

• Casual End User:

They may occasionally visit the database, but each time they might require a different set of data. They are often supervisors at the medium or high levels or other infrequent browsers.

• Naive End User:

Their primary duty is to continuously update and query the database using tried-and-true, precisely coded and tested queries and updates. Naive end users include people working as bank tellers, hotel and airline reservation clerks, etc.

• Sophisticated End User:

Engineers, scientists, business analysts, and other sophisticated end users are examples of sophisticated end users who extensively educate themselves with the DBMS's features in order to construct their applications to suit their complicated requirements.

• Stand-alone User:

They use pre-made software packages with graphical or menu-based interfaces to maintain their own databases.

Software Engineers

System analysts ascertain the needs of end users, particularly naive and parametric end users, and create canned transaction specifications that satisfy these needs. Application programmers turn these specifications into working programs, which they subsequently test, debug, record, and maintain. Software engineers are those analysts and programmers.