What is the full form of RDBMS

RDBMS: Relational Database Management System

RDBMS Stands for Relational Database Management System. A relational database is termed the database, which stores data and provides easy access to the data points that are correlated to each other. It is based on the relational model and is straightforwardly represented in tables. In a relational database, there is a key that records the unique ID in each row of tables. The table's columns hold various data attributes, and each record generally has a value for each attribute, making it easy to establish relationships among various data points

Examples Of Relational Database:

To explain how the Relational Database works, we take a simple example of two tables used by small businesses to process their product orders.

• Under this example, the first table consists of customer information, including the customer's full name, address, shipping and billing information, contact number, and other information. And each bit of information provided is mentioned in its column, and the relational database assigns a unique ID (which is termed a key) to each row of the table.
• The second table consists of information about customer orders which includes the product ordered, the quantity of the product, size, the color of the product, and most importantly ID of the customer who placed the order, but not that information which is already mentioned in the first table. These two tables under which information is mentioned have only one thing in common: the ID column or the Key. But these common tables have very useful because it is that common column that establishes relationships between the two different tables. And when customer order products, they start working together. Firstly an order submits to the database, and after that database goes to the customer order table and pulls all the correct information mentioned in the table about the product order. After that, it started using the customer ID from that table to look into the customer's billing and shipping information provided in the customer info table.

After completing this process, the warehouse can pull the correct product, which the customer orders in mentioned quantity, and the customer can receive the timely delivery of the product ordered, and after that company can get paid.

ACID Properties Of RDBMS:

A sequence of databases that satisfies the Atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability (ACID) is termed the transaction. In the field of Computer science, ACID is the acronym that includes Atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability. It is the set of properties that govern database transactions and are intended to provide guaranteed data, despite some errors, power failures, and other disruptions.

For Instance, transferring funds from one bank account to another includes multiple changes, such as debiting one account and crediting to another, taken as a single transaction. Andreas Reuter and Theo Härder coined the acronym ACID; even before them, Jim Gray named Atomicity, consistency, and durability except for isolation.

1. Atomicity:

Atomicity consists of all the elements that help to make up a complete database transaction. When transactions are performed, it composed of multiple statements. In the Atomicity, each transaction is taken as a single "unit", which may be completely successful or failing. And if any of the statements that constitute a transaction fails to fully complete, the entire transaction fails, and the database is left unchanged. At the time of power failures, errors, and crashes atomic system must guarantee Atomicity in every situation. A guarantee provided by Atomicity helps prevent updates in the database, and if updates occur, it can cause greater problems to the whole series. For example, an atomic transaction is a way of monetary transfer from one bank account named A to another account named B. And this consists of two processes: withdrawal of money from account A and saving it the account B. And performing these operations in Atomicity ensures that money is neither debited from account A nor credited to account B if any of these processes fails.

2. Consistency:

Consistency helps to ensure that a transaction that takes place can only be able to bring the database from one valid state to another valid state by maintaining database invariants. It helps to define rules in a very standard manner for accurately maintaining data points, especially after the transaction. Any data written in the database must be valid as mentioned in the defined rules. And this helps to prevent the database from corruption by any illegal transaction, but at the same time, it does not guarantee that a transaction is fully correct.

3. Isolation:

The main function of isolation is to avoid confusion until the transaction is committed and to keep the effect of the transaction invisible to others. The main goal of Concurrency control is isolation. In a database management system, isolation transactions are executed concurrently, meaning several transactions are read and written simultaneously from the table. Isolation is used to ensure that concurrent execution of the transactions renounces the database in the same state, and it would be obtained if the transactions were executed sequentially. Also, it depends on the method used, and the side effects of an unfinished transaction may not even be visible to the other transactions.

4. Durability:

It is the fourth characteristic of a database management system, and its main function is to ensure that the data changes from one table to other have become permanent when the transaction is committed.

Durability, along with isolation, keeps the effect of a transaction invisible to others until it is committed/completed to avoid confusion. And it means that the process of completed transactions and their effects are completely recorded in the computer's non-volatile memory. And if the transaction is committed once, it will remain committed, whatever if there is any system which includes power outage, crash, etc. transaction committed.

How RDBMS Is Structured:

In the structure of RDBMS, logical structures which include the data tables, indexes, and views a distinct from the physical storage structures. And this distinction means that database management administrators can manage the physical data storage without affecting data in a logical structure. For Instance, when we rename a database file, it does not rename the whole tables stored in it. This distinction between physical and logical also wage to the operations of the database, and it clearly defines the actions which enable the applications to manipulate the data easily and the structures of the database itself. The role of Logical operations is to allow the application to tell which content is needed, and the role of physical operations is to determine how the data will access and carry out the task properly. The relational database always follows some integrity rules, which ensures that data is accurate and easily accessible.

For Instance, there is an integrity rule specifying that duplicate rows are not allowed in the table to remove the potential for incorrect information entering into the database.

DBMS V/S RDBMS:

DBMS means Database Management System, whereas RDBMS means Relational Database Management system. In the DBMS, data is stored in the form of a file; on the other hand, data in RDBMS is stored in tables.

The main difference between RDBMS and DBMS are given below:

1. In RDBMS, data is stored in table form, whereas data in DBMS is stored in file format.
2. In RDBMS, one can access multiple data elements together; in DBMS, there is individual access to data elements
3. There is a data connection because tables are linked together; however, in DBMS, there is no data connection. In RDBMS, no normalization is achievable, but normalization is easily achieved in DBMS.
4. Presence of support distributed database in RDBMS, DBMS there is no support for any distributed database
5. In RDBMS, RDBS can store data in large quantities, but in DBMS, only a small quantity of data is stored.
6. RDBMS can support multiple users, but DBMS supports only a single user
7. RDBMS has multiple layers of security while handling data, but in DBMS, there is only a low level of security while handling data
8. Requirements for software and hardware are higher in RDBMS; in DBMS, software and hardware requirements are minimal or low
9. Examples of RDBMS is Oracle, SQL Server, etc.; an example of DBMS are XML and Microsoft Access.