Difference between Solid, Liquid and Gas

There are numerous topics in chemistry that we find interesting. Out of these, solid, liquid, and gas is one of the significant topics. We know what does solid, liquid, and gas means in layman's term. But it is necessary to know the meaning of these terms. As we know, that solid, liquid, and gas are the foundational and basic states of matter. These states of matter are essential in knowing the nature of existence. So, let us begin by knowing the basic meaning of these terms.

Solid

Solid is defined as the state of matter where the atoms and molecules are compressed in a tight manner. The molecules have very less kinetic energy because they are tightly packed. There are two major categories of solid, namely amorphous and crystalline. Crystalline solids are defined as the solids in which the atoms and molecules are in order. On the other hand, an amorphous solid is defined as a solid in which the atoms and molecules are not in order. Some of the examples of solids include wood, gold, steel, brass, copper, etc.

Liquid

A liquid is defined as the state of matter which takes any shape, it is poured in. The liquid is a fluid that cannot be compressed, i.e., it has limited compressibility. The volume of liquid is fixed, unlike its shape. Liquid can acquire any shape in which it is poured. Examples of liquid include water, juices, soft drinks, etc.

Gas

Gas is defined as the state of matter that does not have a fixed shape or volume. The molecules and atoms in a gaseous state can be compressed. Gases can either be made of one kind of atom or a variety of atoms (compound molecules). Examples of gases include helium, argon, nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine, etc. Now, there are certain differences between these three terms. So, let us discuss them briefly.

So, these are some of the major differences between solids, liquids, and gases. It is essential to note that solid, liquid, and gases have several properties associated with them. So, let us look at the characteristics.

Characteristics of Solids

1. The particles in solids are capable of vibrating.
2. Solids have very less kinetic energy.
3. Solids have two categories, i.e., crystalline and amorphous.
4. Solids have very low level of diffusion.
5. Solids have high density.
6. Solids have a definite volume and shape..

Characteristics of Liquids

1. There is space between atoms and molecules in liquids.
2. Liquids can move past each other.
3. The kinetic energy is moderate.
4. The density in liquids is less.
5. Liquids are able to diffuse moderately.
6. Liquids show capillary action, i.e., the flow of any liquid through a tube.
7. Liquids show resistant nature.

Characteristics of Gases

1. There is a lot of space between atoms and molecules.
2. Gases have very high kinetic energy.
3. Gases can be easily compressed.
4. The density of a gas is low.
5. Gases collide with one another.

So, these are some of the characteristics of solid, liquid, and gases. These states of matter are very important. Solid, liquid, and gases are considered to be the basis of existence. Thus, these three fundamental states help us understand various properties regarding the matter.