Pig Tutorial

Pig tutorial provides basic and advanced concepts of Pig. Our Pig tutorial is designed for beginners and professionals.

Pig is a high-level data flow platform for executing Map Reduce programs of Hadoop. It was developed by Yahoo. The language for Pig is pig Latin.

Our Pig tutorial includes all topics of Apache Pig with Pig usage, Pig Installation, Pig Run Modes, Pig Latin concepts, Pig Data Types, Pig example, Pig user defined functions etc.

What is Apache Pig

Apache Pig is a high-level data flow platform for executing MapReduce programs of Hadoop. The language used for Pig is Pig Latin.

The Pig scripts get internally converted to Map Reduce jobs and get executed on data stored in HDFS. Apart from that, Pig can also execute its job in Apache Tez or Apache Spark.

Pig can handle any type of data, i.e., structured, semi-structured or unstructured and stores the corresponding results into Hadoop Data File System. Every task which can be achieved using PIG can also be achieved using java used in MapReduce.

Features of Apache Pig

Let's see the various uses of Pig technology.

1) Ease of programming

Writing complex java programs for map reduce is quite tough for non-programmers. Pig makes this process easy. In the Pig, the queries are converted to MapReduce internally.

2) Optimization opportunities

It is how tasks are encoded permits the system to optimize their execution automatically, allowing the user to focus on semantics rather than efficiency.

3) Extensibility

A user-defined function is written in which the user can write their logic to execute over the data set.

4) Flexible

It can easily handle structured as well as unstructured data.

5) In-built operators

It contains various type of operators such as sort, filter and joins.

Differences between Apache MapReduce and PIG

Apache MapReduce	Apache PIG
It is a low-level data processing tool.	It is a high-level data flow tool.
Here, it is required to develop complex programs using Java or Python.	It is not required to develop complex programs.
It is difficult to perform data operations in MapReduce.	It provides built-in operators to perform data operations like union, sorting and ordering.
It doesn't allow nested data types.	It provides nested data types like tuple, bag, and map.

Advantages of Apache Pig

Less code - The Pig consumes less line of code to perform any operation.
Reusability - The Pig code is flexible enough to reuse again.
Nested data types - The Pig provides a useful concept of nested data types like tuple, bag, and map.