Logical Reasoning

The logical reasoning section is an important part of competitive exams. It contains different types of reasoning questions which are intended to judge analytical and logical reasoning skills of the candidate.

The logical reasoning questions can be verbal or non-verbal: In verbal logical reasoning questions, the concepts and problems are expressed in words. The candidates are required to read and understand the given text or paragraph and according choose the right answer from the given options. In non-verbal logical reasoning questions, the concepts and problems are expressed in the form of figures, images or diagrams and the candidates are required to understand them before choosing the right answer out of the given options.

Logical Reasoning: Verbal Reasoning

Logical reasoning (verbal reasoning) refers to the ability of a candidate to understand and logically work through concepts and problems expressed in words. It checks the ability to extract and work with the meaning, information, and implications from the bulk of the text. The logics are expressed verbally, and you have to understand the logic before solving the questions.

Logical Reasoning: Nov-Verbal Reasoning

Logical reasoning (non-verbal reasoning) refers to the ability of a candidate to understand and logically work through concepts and problems expressed in the form of images, diagrams, etc. It checks the ability to extract and work with the meaning, information, and implications from the given images or diagrams. Here, the logics are expressed non-verbally, and you have to understand the logic before solving them.

• Logical Reasoning: Verbal
• Logical Reasoning: Non-verbal

Table of Contents

Logical Reasoning: Verbal

1) Number Series

1) Which number should come next in the series, 48, 24, 12, ......?

1. 8
2. 6
3. 4
4. 2

Number Series 1

Number Series 2

Number Series 3

Number Series 4

2) Letter Series

1) RQP, ONM, _, IHG, FED, find the missing letters.

1. CDE
2. LKI
3. LKJ
4. BAC

Letter Series 1

Letter Series 2

3) Analogies

1) PETAL: FLOWER

1. Pen: Paper
2. Engine: Car
3. Cat: Dog
4. Ball: Game

Analogies 1

Analogies 2

4) Cause and Effect

1) I. All the colleges in the city had to keep closed for three days a week.

II. Many students have left the local colleges.

1. Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect
2. Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect
3. Both the statements are effects of independent causes
4. Both the statements are independent causes
5. Both the statements are effects of some common cause

Cause and Effect 1

5) Verbal Classification

1) Which word does not belong to others?

1. Inch
2. Kilogram
3. Centimeter
4. Yard

Verbal Classification 1

Verbal Classification 2

Verbal Classification 3

6) Blood Relations

1) Pointing to a photograph, a man said, "I have no brother, and that man's father is my father's son." Whose photograph was it?

1. His son
2. His own
3. His father
4. His nephew

Blood Relations 1

Blood Relations 2

Blood Relations 3

7) Logical Sequence of Words

1) Arrange the following words in a meaningful sequence.

1. Infection

2. Consultation

3. Doctor

4. Treatment

5. Recovery

1. 1, 3, 4, 5, 2
2. 1, 3, 2, 4, 5
3. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
4. 2, 3, 5, 1, 4

Logical Sequence of Words 1

Logical Sequence of Words 2

8) Direction Sense Test

1) Peter is in the East of Tom and Tom is in the North of John. Mike is in the South of John then in which direction of Peter is Mike?

1. South-East
2. South-West
3. South
4. North-East

Answer: B

Explanation:

Direction Sense Test 1

Direction Sense Test 2

Direction Sense Test 3

9) Logical Venn Diagrams

1) Which of the following diagrams correctly represents lions, elephants, and animals?

Answer: A

Explanation:

Lions and elephants have no relationship to each other, but both are animals.

Logical Venn Diagrams 1

Logical Venn Diagrams 2

Logical Venn Diagrams 3

10) Verification of the Truth of the Statement

1) An animal always has

1. Skin
2. Heart
3. Lungs
4. life
5. Ears

Verification of the Truth of the Statement 1

Verification of the Truth of the Statement 2

Verification of the Truth of the Statement 3

11) Data Sufficiency

1) What is Geeta's rank in the class?

I. There are 30 students in the class.
II. There are 10 students who scored less than Geeta.

1. Statement I alone is sufficient, but statement II alone is not sufficient
2. Statement II alone is sufficient, but statement I alone is not sufficient
3. Either I or II is sufficient
4. Neither I nor II is sufficient
5. Both I and II are needed

Data Sufficiency 1

Data Sufficiency 2

12) Coding Decoding

1) If in a certain language, NOIDA is coded as OPJEB, how is DELHI coded in that language?

1. CDKGH
2. EFMIJ
3. FGNJK
4. IHLED

Coding Decoding 1

13) Assertion and Reason

1) Assertion (A): James Watt invented the steam engine.

Reason (R): It was invented to pump out the water from the flooded mines.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true, but R is false.
4. A is false, but R is true.
5. Both A and R are false.

Assertion and Reason 1

Assertion and Reason 2

Assertion and Reason 3

14) Essential Part

1) Book

1. Education
2. Pictures
3. Pages
4. Knowledge

Essential Part 1

Essential Part 2

15) Analyzing Arguments

1) If you are a fitness walker, you don't need to go to a health gym. You also don't need any fitness equipment for workout. All you need is a pair of comfortable athletic shoes.

This paragraph supports which of the following statements;

1. Fitness walking is better than weight lifting
2. Walking outdoors provides more health benefits than walking indoors
3. Fitness walking is an effective and convenient form of exercise
4. Poorly designed shoes can cause foot injuries

Analyzing Arguments 1

16) Logical Problems

1)
I. Pooja is older than Mukesh.
II. Suresh is older than Pooja.
III. Mukesh is older than Suresh.

If the first two statements are true, the third statement is

1. False
2. True
3. Uncertain

Logical Problems 1

Logical Problems 2

17) Course of Action

1) Statement: A severe drought is reported in many states of the country.
Courses of action;

I. The government should immediately provide financial assistance to the people of the affected states.
II. The government should immediately send food, water, and fodder to the affected states to save people and livestock.

1. Only I follows
2. Only II follows
3. Either I or II follows
4. Neither I nor II follows
5. Both I and II follow

Course of Action 1

Course of Action 2

18) Matching Definitions

1) It is called Restitution when you compensate someone for damaging his or her property in some way. Which of the following situations is the best example of Restitution?

1. Tom borrows his friend's car and returns the car with an empty petrol tank. He apologizes and tells his friend that he will fill the tank tomorrow.
2. Tom borrows his friend's camera. Tom fails to zipper the case, and the camera falls on the ground, and the lens shatters. When Tom returns the camera, he tells his friend that he will pay for the damage.
3. Peter asks Tom to stay in his apartment when he is out of the town. One day Tom arrives to stay and finds that pipe has burst and the apartment is filled with water. He calls the plumber to repair the pipe and pays for the repair.
4. A pothole in the parking of Peter's company caused his flat tyre. He informs his boss and expects that the company should pay for the repair.

Matching Definitions 1

19) Syllogism

1) Statements:

I) All heroes are villains.
II) All villains are zeros.
III) Some heroes are jokers.

Conclusion:

i) Some Jokers are heroes
ii) Some villains are jokers
iii) Some zeros are villains

1. Only I, II follow
2. All I, II, III follows
3. Only I, III follow
4. Only I, II follow
5. None of these

Answer: B

Explanation:

From the given statement and the above diagram, it is clear that option B is the correct answer.

Syllogism 1

Syllogism 2

Syllogism 3

20) Statement and Assumptions

1) Statement: "You are hereby appointed as a software engineer with a probation period of six months and your skills and performance will be reviewed at the end of the probation period for confirmation." - A line written in an appointment letter.

Assumptions:

I. The performance of the candidate is not known at the time of appointment.
II. An individual is likely to prove his worth during the probation period.

1. Only I is implicit
2. Only II is implicit
3. Either I or II is implicit
4. Neither I nor II is implicit
5. Both I and II are implicit

Statement and Assumptions 1

Statement and Assumptions 2

Statement and Assumptions 3

Statement and Assumptions 4

Logical Reasoning: Non-verbal

1) Image Series

1) Which answer figure will continue the same series as established by the problem figures?

Problem figures;

Answer figures;

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
5. 5

Image Series 1

Image Series 2

2) Construction of Shapes

1) Select three figures out of the following five figures which when fitted into each other would form a square.

1. 1, 2, 4
2. 1, 2, 5
3. 5, 3, 1
4. 2, 3, 4

Answer: B

Explanation:

Figures 1, 2 and 5 will form the square as shown in the following image;

Construction of Shapes 1

Construction of Shapes 2

3) Classification

1) Which of the following figures is different from others?

1. figure A
2. figure B
3. figure C
4. figure D
5. figure E

Classification 1

Classification 2

4) Picture Analogies

1)

Picture Analogies 1

Picture Analogies 2

5) Rule Detection

1) Which of the following series of figures follows the given rule?

Rule: The closed figure loses its sides, and the open figure gains its sides as the series proceeds.

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

Rule Detection 1

Rule Detection 2