C++ Manipulator ends

C++ manipulator ends function is used to insert a null terminating character on os. The ends manipulator does not take any argument whenever it is invoked. It causes a null character to the output.

It is similar to '\0' or charT() in C++.

Syntax

for ostream	
	    ostream& ends (ostream& os);

basic template	
	     template <class charT, class traits>
	     basic_ostream<charT,traits>& ends (basic_ostream<charT,traits>& os);

Parameter

os: Output stream object where character is inserted.

Return value

It returns argument os.

Data Races

Modifies the stream object os.

If we try to concurrent access to the same stream object then it may cause data races, except for the standard stream objects cerr, cout, wcout, clog, wcerr and wclog when these are synchronized with stdio.

Exceptions

Object os is in a valid state, if any exception is thrown.

Example 1

Let's see the simple example to demonstrate the use of ends:

#include <iostream>  
  
int main( )   
{  
   using namespace std;  
   cout << "a";  
   cout << "b" << ends;  
   cout << "c" << endl;  
}  

Output:

ab c

Example 2

Let's see another simple example:

#include <iostream> 
using namespace std;

int main() 
{ 
          double x, y; 
          cout << "Enter two Floating Values: "; 
          cin >> x ; 
          cin >> y; 
          cout << "The Average of the two Numbers is : " << (x +y)/2.0 << endl; 
          cout<< ends;    // Null Terminate 
          return 0;
}

Output:

Enter two Floating Values: 100 200
The Average of the two Numbers is : 150

Example 3

Let's see another simple example:

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;

int main ( )
   
  {
      int number = 231;
      cout << " \" " << " number = " << number << ends;
      cout << " \" "  << endl;
      return 0;
  }

Output: