C++ Std Manipulators

Manipulators are helper function which can be used for formatting input and output data. Manipulators specifically designed to be used in conjunction with the insertion (<<) and extraction (>>) operators on stream objects, for example:

The iostream.h and iomanip.h header file has several pre-defined manipulators.

Basic format flags

Independent flags (switch on)

boolalpha	Alphanumerical bool values.
showbase	Show numerical base prefixes.
showpoint	Show decimal point.
showpos	Show positive signs.
skipws	Skip whitespaces.
unitbuf	Flush buffer after insertions.
uppercase	Generate upper case letters.

Independent flags (switch off)

noboolalpha	Do alphanumerical bool values.
noshowbase	Do not show numerical base prefixes.
noshowpoint	Do not show decimal point.
noshowpos	Do not show positive signs.
noskipws	Do not skip whitespaces.
nounitbuf	Do not force flushes after insertions.
nouppercase	Do not generate upper case letters.

Numerical base format flags ("basefield" flags)

dec	Use decimal base.
hex	Use hexadecimal base
oct	Use octal base.

Floating point format flags ("floatfield" flags)

fixed	Use fixed floating point notation.
scientific	Use scientific floating point notation.

Adjustment format flags ("adjustfileld "flags)

internal	Sets field by inserting characters at an internal position.
left	Adjust output to the left.
right	Adjust output to the right.

Input manipulators

ws	Extract whitespaces.

Output manipulators

endl	Insert newline and flush.
ends	Insert null characters.
flush	Flush stream buffer.

Parameterized manipulators

These functions take parameters when used as manipulators. They require inclusion of <iomanip> header file.

setiosflags	Set format flags.
resetiosflags	Reset format flags.
setbase	Set basefield flag.
setfill	Set fill character.
setprecision	Set decimal precision.
setw	Set field width.