Phalcon Views

View represents the front-end of the application. It consists of HTML files embedded inside PHP code which creates the view of the application. View provides the data to the web browser from your application.

Phalcon\Mvc\View and Phalcon\Mvc\View\Simple are responsible for the managing the view layer of MVC application.

Integrating Views with controller

Views are automatically integrated when controller completes its functionality. The entire view component looks inside the view folder of same file name whose last controller is executed.

Example: If a request made to url 193.168.1.1/javatpoint/phalcon/intro/911

Server Address	193.168.1.1
Phalcon Directory	Javatpoint
Controller	Phalcon
Action	Intro
Parameter	911

Implementation

<?php
use Phalcon\Mvc\Controller;
class PostsController extends Controller
{
    public function indexAction()
    {
    }
    public function showAction($postId)
    {
        // Pass the $postId parameter to the view
        $this->view->postId = $postId;
    }
}

Hierarchal Rendering

It is the default component for the view rendering and located under directory Phalcon\MVC\View. Its component automatically uses PHP itself as template engine. It has extension .phtml and view component will find following 3 files.

Name	File	Description
Action View	app/views/posts/show.phtml	This is the view related to the action. It only will be shown when the showaction is executed.
Controller Layout	app/views/layouts/posts.phtml	This is the view related to the controller. It only will be shown for every action executed within the controller "posts". All the code implemented in the layout will be reused for all the actions in this controller.
Main Layout	app/views/index.phtml	This is main action it will be shown for every controller or action executed within the application.

Implementation

<!-- app/views/posts/show.phtml -->
<h3>This is show view!</h3>
<p>I have received the parameter <?php echo $postId; ?></p>

<!-- app/views/layouts/posts.phtml -->
<h2>This is the "posts" controller layout!</h2>
<?php echo $this->getContent(); ?>

<!-- app/views/index.phtml -->
<html>
<head>
<title>Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is Phalcon Tutorial!</h1>
<?php echo $this->getContent(); ?>
</body>
</html>

Output:

Simple Rendering

It is an alternate component to Phalcon\MVC\View and located under Phalcon\MVC\View\Simple. It is similar to the MVC\View but lacks hierarchy. It allows developer to control view when it is altered and its location.

Implementation

Default component replacement

<?php
use Phalcon\Mvc\View\Simple as SimpleView;
$di->set(
    'view',
    function () {
        $view = new SimpleView();
        $view->setViewsDir('../app/views/');
        return $view;
    },
    true
);

Now, to render we call the render() method

<?php
use Phalcon\Mvc\Controller;
class PostsController extends Controller
{
    public function indexAction()
    {
        // Render 'views-dir/index.phtml'
        echo $this->view->render('index');
        // Render 'views-dir/posts/show.phtml'
        echo $this->view->render('posts/show');
        // Render 'views-dir/index.phtml' passing variables
        echo $this->view->render(
            'index',
            [
                'posts' =>Posts::find(),
            ]
        );
        // Render 'views-dir/posts/show.phtml' passing variables
        echo $this->view->render(
            'posts/show',
            [
                'posts' =>Posts::find(),
            ]
        );
    }
}
Declaring simple() method
<?php
$params = [
    'posts' =>Posts::find(),
];
// Phalcon\Mvc\View
$view = new \Phalcon\Mvc\View();
echo $view->render('posts', 'show', $params);
// Phalcon\Mvc\View\Simple
$simpleView = new \Phalcon\Mvc\View\Simple();
echo $simpleView->render('posts/show', $params);
?>

View Events

Phalcon\Mvc\View and Phalcon\Mvc\View\Simple are able to send events to an EventsManager if it is present.

Event Name	Triggered	Break Operation
beforeRender	Triggered before starting the render process	Yes
beforeRenderView	Triggered before rendering an existing view	Yes
afterRenderView	Triggered after rendering an existing view	No
afterRender	Triggered after completing the render process	No
notFoundView	Triggered when a view was not found	No

Implementation

<?php
use Phalcon\Events\Event;
use Phalcon\Events\Manager as EventsManager;
use Phalcon\Mvc\View;
$di->set(
    'view',
    function () {
        // Create an events manager
        $eventsManager = new EventsManager();
        // Attach a listener for type 'view'
        $eventsManager->attach(
            'view',
            function (Event $event, $view) {
                echo $event->getType(), ' - ', $view->getActiveRenderPath(), PHP_EOL;
            }
        );
        $view = new View();

        $view->setViewsDir('../app/views/');
        // Bind the eventsManager to the view component
        $view->setEventsManager($eventsManager);
        return $view;
    },
    true
);

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