Program to print a string in vertical in Java

Description: You have a string and you need to print its characters vertically, starting from left to right of the string.

An array of characters can be referred to as a string. In this case, the program is built to print the letters vertically, beginning on the left side of the string and moving right. The string's characters are printed one per line. For instance, the string "ABC" has the three letters (or characters) "A," "B," and "C." This letter will now be printed in three distinct vertical lines as:

A
B
C

The small-letter characters will be changed to upper case, and the upper case characters should then be printed. To print the characters in this manner, each character is first accessible using its respective index position (the index starts from 0). The text will be printed in upper case if it is in lower case, and after each character is printed, the cursor should be moved to the next line so that the following character can be printed once more. The string's final character will be reached by repeating this technique.

Algorithm

Step 1: [Grabing the input] Read str ['str' is the string]
Step 2: [printing the characters of string vertically] 
For i=0 to length(str)-1 repeat 
[if the character is in lower case]
 If str[i]≥'a' and str[i]≤'z' then 
Set str[i]<-str[i]-32
 [End of 'if loop'] 
Print str[i]
Proceed to the next line 
[End of 'for' loop] 
Step 3: Stop.

Example

import java.util.Scanner;
//Defining a class
class Str_vertical{
    //Members of data
    String str;
    //Methods of member
    //Function to grab inputs
    void accept(){
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("Enter the string: ");
        str =sc.nextLine();
    }
    //Function to print the characters vertically
    void print(){
        int i;
        str = str.toUpperCase();
        //loop to access each character of the string
        for(i=0; i<str.length(); i++){
            System.out.println("\t"+str.charAt(i));
        }
    }
    //main function
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        //creating an object
        Str_vertical string = new Str_vertical();
        //calling the functions
        string.accept();
        string.print();
    }
}

Output:

Program to print a string in vertical in Java

Time Complexity: This program has an O(n) time complexity, where n is the number of characters in the string.

Space Complexity: This program has an O(n) space complexity, where n is the string's character count.

Print a string in a vertical zigzag manner

The job is to print the supplied string in a vertical zigzag pattern with respect to the given number of rows when given a string, S, of size N and a number of rows, R, as shown in the examples.

Approach: The goal is to determine the distance between the major columns and a step value for the in-between columns in order to print the spaces until the string's final character is reached. To solve this issue, adhere to the methods listed below:

Determining a variable intervalas 2*R-2 to store the gap between the major columns.
Iterate in the range [0, R-1]using the variable i
- Initialize a variable stepas interval-2*i to stock step values for each row.
- Iterate in the range [i, N-1]using the variable j, incrementing j by interval in each iteration,
  - Print the character, S[j].
  - If the value of step sprawl in the range [1, interval-1]and step+j<N, then print (interval-R-i) number of spaces, then print s[j+step] and finally print (i-1)
  - Else print (interval-R)number of spaces.
- Print New Line after each iteration of the outer loop.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

Program code in Java

// Java program for the above approach
public class fashion{
//Function to print any string
// in zigzag fashion
static void zigzag(String str, int rows)
{
	// Store the gap between the major columns
	int interval = 2 * rows - 2;
	// Traverse through rows
	for(int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
	{
		// Store the step value for each row
		int step = interval - 2 * i;
		// Iterate in the range [1, N-1]
		for(int j = i; j < str.length(); j = j + interval)
		{	
			// Print the character
			System.out.print(str.charAt(j));
			if (step > 0 && step < interval &&
				step + j < str.length())
			{
				// Print the spaces before the character
				// str[j+step]
				for(int k = 0; k < (interval - rows - i); k++)
					System.out.print(" ");
				// Print the character
				System.out.print(str.charAt(j + step));
				// Print the spaces after the character
				// after str[j+step]
				for(int k = 0; k < i - 1; k++)
					System.out.print(" ");
			}
			else
			{
				// Print the spaces for the first and last rows
				for(int k = 0; k < (interval - rows); k++)
					System.out.print(" ");
			}
		}
		System.out.println();
	}
}
public static void main(String args[])
{	
	// Input given
	String str = "123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLM" +
			"NOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghi" +
			"jklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
	int rows = 9;
	// Calling the function
	zigzag(str, rows);
}
}

Output: