What is the full form of CPR

CPR: Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation

CPR stands for Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation; cardio means "heart," and pulmonary means "related to lungs". Resuscitation is a medical word that means "to revive".

CPR is a life-saving technique used in medical emergencies such as heart attacks or cardiac arrest. A cardiac arrest may be caused by a heart condition, suffocation, drowning, electric shock, etc.

This technique is a combination of chest compression and mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing. It helps restore blood circulation to the heart and brain until medical treatment is available; it delays tissue death and damage to the brain. People who often handle emergencies, like doctors, lifeguards, and firefighters, are trained in providing CPR.

You don't need any special equipment to perform CPR. You just need to perform it in a proper sequence or order as described below:

1. Chest compression
2. Airway
3. Breathing

Furthermore, to perform CPR, you must ensure that the patient is in the supine position (lying on his or her back on a firm surface). It makes CPR easy and effective as it allows the effective compression of the sternum. CPR on a soft surface-like mattress is less effective. In addition to this, the person giving chest compressions should be positioned high enough so that he or she can properly compress the chest.

Before beginning

Before beginning CPR, make sure:

• Is the person in a secure environment?
• Is the individual awake or asleep?
• Ask loudly, "Are you OK?" and tap or shake the person's shoulder if they appear to be unconscious.
• If the victim does not react and you are nearby someone who can assist, have one person dial 112 or the local emergency number, and have the other person go grab the AED if one is accessible. Have the companion start CPR.
• Call 112 or your local emergency number if you are by yourself and have access to a phone right away before starting CPR. If an AED is available, use it.
• As soon as an AED is available, give one shock if the machine instructs you to, then start performing CPR.

Do not forget to spell C-A-B.

To assist individuals in remembering the proper sequence for doing the CPR steps, the American Heart Association utilises the initials C-A-B.

Compressions- C

Airways - A

Breathing - B

Compressions: Blood flow is restored through compressions

Compressions include fast and forcefully pushing down with your hands on a specific area of the person's chest. Compressions are the most crucial component of CPR. Keep in mind these steps when performing CPR compressions:

1. Lay the person down on a firm surface with their backs up.
2. Take a knee close to the subject's neck and arms.
3. Place your lower palm over the person's middle of the chest, between the nipples (heel).
4. Position the second hand above the first. Your elbows should stay straight, and your shoulders should rest directly above your hands.
5. At least 2 inches (5 cm) but no more than 2.4 inches should be applied directly downward to (squeeze) the chest (6 centimetres). When performing compressions, use your complete body weight-not just your arms.
6. Apply 100 to 120 compressions per minute with high pressure. The American Heart Association recommends doing compressions to the song "Stayin' Alive." After each thrust, let the chest rebound (spring back).
7. If you have not received CPR training, keep applying pressure to the chest until the victim shows signs of movement or until emergency medical services arrive. If you have had CPR training, open the airway and start rescue breathing.

Airway: Make sure it is clear.

Use the head-tilt, chin-lift procedure to open the person's airway after 30 chest compressions if you are skilled in CPR. Carefully lean the person's head backward while placing your hand on their forehead. To clear the airway, tilt the chin forward slowly with the other hand.

Breathe: Take a deep breath for the person.

If the mouth is badly wounded or unable to open, rescue breathing can be performed mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose. According to current standards, rescue breathing should be performed while wearing a bag mask with a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter.

1. After opening the airway (using the head-tilt, chin-lift technique), squeeze the nostrils tight for mouth-to-mouth ventilation. Then, seal the person's mouth with yours to establish a seal.
2. Make two rescue breaths ready to administer. After the initial, one-second rescue breath, notice if the chest raises.
3. Give another breath if your chest starts to lift.
4. Repeat the head-tilt, chin-lift technique if the chest does not raise, and then take another breath. Thirty chest compressions are performed, followed by two rescue breaths, to complete one cycle. Be mindful not to breathe out too quickly or with too much effort.
5. Resuming compressions will help the blood flow.
6. Apply the automated external defibrillator (AED) as soon as one is available, then follow the on-screen instructions. Give the first shock, continue chest compressions for two minutes, and then deliver the second shock. A 112 operator or another emergency medical operator might be able to offer you instructions if you are not trained to use an AED. If there is not an AED nearby, go to step 5 below.
7. Continue giving CPR until there are signs of activity or until emergency medical services take over.