What is the full form of HM

(i) HM: Honda Montesa

HM stands for Honda Montesa. A Honda subsidiary company called 'Montesa Honda' assembles several motorbikes and bicycle models in Barcelona, Spain, and other countries. Before forming a partnership with Honda, the company was owned by Spaniards.

Pere Permanyer and Francesc Xavier "Paco" Bultó founded Montesa in 1944. Their initial Montesa prototype was based on the vintage French Motobécane designs. Permanyer started making his gas engines, which opened up a new frontier for motorbike research and development. In Barcelona, Permanyer and Bultó collaborated to develop a lightweight motorcycle. As a result, a 95cc two-stroke motorcycle without sprung rear suspension was designed. Despite significant hiccups, they sold about 22 of these devices in the first year of manufacturing. The partnership concentrated on increasing production the following year and satisfying the expanding demand for their bike. Bultó created a new 125cc roadster to replace the earlier model, which was tested in many of the trail rallies and semi-enduros that were common in Spain then.

(ii) HM: Harbour Master

HM also stands for Harbour Master. To ensure the safety of navigation, the security of the harbour, and the proper operation of the port facilities, a harbourmaster is an official responsible for upholding the rules of a certain harbour or port.

Normally, harbourmasters are in charge of providing notice to seafarers, often known as local safety information. They may also coordinate emergency response efforts, check vessels, supervise pilotage services, and manage the upkeep and provision of navigational aids within the port. By the law, the harbour manager may be able to hold, warn, or even arrest individuals violating the port's rules or acting illegally inside its tidal range. The team of harbourmasters hired by the Port of London Authority, who are qualified to carry out an enforcement duty, illustrates this.

Additionally, a harbour manager may investigate criminal activity, immigration, customs and excise, river and maritime safety, and environmental and pollution concerns.

(iii) HM: Heart Murmurs

HM stands for Heart Murmurs. Blood flowing abnormally across your heart valves causes a whooshing or swishing sound that can be heard through a stethoscope is referred to as a heart murmur. Heart murmurs are widespread and don't always signify a health issue, especially in children. Murmurs should still be examined, as they could be signs of any typical heart condition or another medical concern.

The valves in the human heart open and close with each heartbeat, allowing blood to flow through. Two sounds are made as the valves close: a "lub" and a "dub". A heart murmur is when your heart instead generates a whooshing or swishing noise, and a murmur indicates irregular blood flow across your heart valves.

A murmur can sometimes indicate a typical heart condition. However, heart murmurs can also be found in healthy individuals without cardiac disease (referred to as "innocent" heart murmurs).

Symptoms

Some cardiac murmurs are found during a typical medical examination, even with no symptoms.

However, based on what's producing the murmur, you can notice signs like:

• Pale skin
• Excessing cough
• Palpitations in the heart
• Pain in chest or feel constricted
• Respiration difficulty
• Fatigue or syncope

(iv) HM: Homology Modelling

HM also stands for Homology Modelling. Building an atomic-resolution model of the "target" protein from its amino acid sequence and an experimental three-dimensional structure of a comparable homologous protein is known as homology modelling. It is also referred to as the comparative modelling of proteins (the "template"). To create an alignment that maps the residues in the query sequence to the residues in the template sequence, homology modelling must first identify one or more known protein structures that are likely to resemble the structure of the query sequence. Protein structures are more conserved among homologues than protein sequences, yet sequences with less than 20% sequence identity may have highly diverse designs.

It is naturally occurring homologous proteins, and proteins related through evolution share similar amino acid sequences. It has been established that three-dimensional protein structure has undergone more change than predicted based on sequence conservation.

A structural model of the target is then created using the sequence alignment and template structure. Detectable levels of sequence similarity usually indicate significant structural similarity because protein structures are more conserved than DNA sequences.