Electric Circuit Definition

An electric circuit is formed when the positive current released by the battery, cell, or generator leaves the wire and returns to the same location via the negative wire. The most obvious example is the technology in our home or a small torch containing a cell, a button, and a light bulb. As soon as we press the button, the current flowing from the cell's positive terminal to the bulb via the button returns to the cell via the negative terminal, completing the electrical circuit. The electric circuit model will provide detailed information on closed circuits.

Certain components of any full electrical circuit are critical to its operation. An electrical circuit is complete with these fundamental components, which are discussed further below.

Important components of an entire electric circuit

• Power Source: An electromotive force, also known as EMF or voltage, is necessary to send current in any circuit. We need some kind of power source to start any circuit, whether a battery or a generator.
• Switch: A switch is required to turn the appliance on or off. Simply said, we need a switch to stop and start the current.
• Fuse: A fuse is employed in any equipment to ensure its and our safety. If a fault occurs in the equipment, the fuse closes the electrical circuit of that equipment, ensuring that there is no danger to the equipment and that the person using it is likewise safe. There is no harm done.
• Load (any device) - Any device in an electrical circuit, such as a light bulb, fan, or refrigerator, can be used as an example.
• Wire: Wires are used to connect all of the components of an electrical circuit.

Types of electric circuit

Electric circuits are classified into four categories, which are described in detail below.

• Closed Circuit - A complete circuit is one in which current flows freely and safely through a circuit and the equipment functions correctly, such as the lap, fan, fridge, and so on. All of these are instances of full circuits; if they work properly, represents a complete circuit.
• Open Circuit: When a circuit's wire breaks, the fuse is damaged, or the wire comes out of the switch button, the electric circuit will not work, which is referred to as an Open Circuit since the electric circuit is not complete and the power supply will be that device. As a result, the device does not function.
• Short Circuit: When the phase and neutral wires of a circuit are linked without any load, a large number of current flows through it, causing the circuit's fuse and even the wire insulation to burn. This is referred to as a short circuit. The most common cause of this is the degeneration of any wire's insulation because the insulation of a wire often deteriorates very quickly, causing both wires to become jumbled together and a short circuit to develop.
• Leakage Circuit: When an electric circuit's phase wire comes into contact with a fallen wall or any other equipment or conductor, the current flowing in the phase wire begins to flow into that conductor or equipment. This is referred to as a leaky circuit. And any device that has a leakage current does not function properly.