ASCII Code

The ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. The ASCII code is an alphanumeric code used for data communication in digital computers. The ASCII is a 7-bit code capable of representing 2⁷ or 128 number of different characters. The ASCII code is made up of a three-bit group, which is followed by a four-bit code.

The ASCII Code is a 7 or 8-bit alphanumeric code.
This code can represent 127 unique characters.
The ASCII code starts from 00h to 7Fh. In this, the code from 00h to 1Fh is used for control characters, and the code from 20h to 7Fh is used for graphic symbols.
The 8-bit code holds ASCII, which supports 256 symbols where math and graphic symbols are added.
The range of the extended ASCII is 80h to FFh.

The ASCII characters are classified into the following groups:

Control Characters

The non-printable characters used for sending commands to the PC or printer are known as control characters. We can set tabs, and line breaks functionality by this code. The control characters are based on telex technology. Nowadays, it's not so much popular in use. The character from 0 to 31 and 127 comes under control characters.

Special Characters

All printable characters that are neither numbers nor letters come under the special characters. These characters contain technical, punctuation, and mathematical characters with space also. The character from 32 to 47, 58 to 64, 91 to 96, and 123 to 126 comes under this category.

Numbers Characters

This category of ASCII code contains ten Arabic numerals from 0 to 9.

Letters Characters

In this category, two groups of letters are contained, i.e., the group of uppercase letters and the group of lowercase letters. The range from 65 to 90 and 97 to 122 comes under this category.

ASCII Table

The values are typically represented in ASCII code tables in decimal, binary, and hexadecimal form.

Binary	Hexadecimal	Decimal	ASCII Symbol	Description	Group
0000000	0	0	NUL	The null character encourage the device to do nothing	Control Character
0000001	1	1	SOH	The symbol SOH(Starts of heading) Initiates the header.	Control Character
0000010	2	2	STX	The symbol STX(Start of Text) ends the header and marks the beginning of a message.	Control Character
0000011	3	3	ETX	The symbol ETX(End of Text) indicates the end of the message.	Control Character
0000100	4	4	EOT	The EOT(end of text) symbol marks the end of a completes transmission	Control Character
0000101	5	5	ENQ	The ENQ(Enquiry) symbol is a request that requires a response	Control Character
0000110	6	6	ACK	The ACK(Acknowledge) symbol is a positive answer to the request.	Control Character
0000111	7	7	BEL	The BEL(Bell) symbol triggers a beep.	Control Character
0001000	8	8	BS	Lets the cursor move back one step (Backspace)	Control Character
0001001	9	9	TAB (HT)	A horizontal tab that moves the cursor within a row to the next predefined position (Horizontal Tab)	Control Character
0001010	A	10	LF	Causes the cursor to jump to the next line (Line Feed)	Control Character
0001011	B	11	VT	The vertical tab lets the cursor jump to a predefined line (Vertical Tab)	Control Character
0001100	C	12	FF	Requests a page break (Form Feed)	Control Character
0001101	D	13	CR	Moves the cursor back to the first position of the line (Carriage Return)	Control Character
0001110	E	14	SO	Switches to a special presentation (Shift Out)	Control Character
0001111	F	15	SI	Switches the display back to the normal state (Shift In)	Control Character
0010000	10	16	DLE	Changes the meaning of the following characters (Data Link Escape)	Control Character
0010001	11	17	DC1	Control characters assigned depending on the device used (Device Control)	Control Character
0010010	12	18	DC2	Control characters assigned depending on the device used (Device Control)	Control Character
0010011	13	19	DC3	Control characters assigned depending on the device used (Device Control)	Control Character
0010100	14	20	DC4	Control characters assigned depending on the device used (Device Control)	Control Character
0010101	15	21	NAK	The negative response to a request (Negative Acknowledge)	Control Character
0010110	16	22	SYN	Synchronizes a data transfer, even if no signals are transmitted (Synchronous Idle)	Control Character
0010111	17	23	ETB	Marks the end of a transmission block (End of Transmission Block)	Control Character
0011000	18	24	CAN	Makes it clear that transmission was faulty and the data must be discarded (Cancel)	Control Character
0011001	19	25	EM	Indicates the end of the storage medium (End of Medium)	Control Character
0011010	1A	26	SUB	Replacement for a faulty sign (Substitute)	Control Character
0011011	1B	27	ESC	Initiates an escape sequence and thus gives the following characters a special meaning (Escape)	Control Character
0011100	1C	28	FS	File separator.	Control Character
0011101	1D	29	GS	Group separator.	Control Character
0011110	1E	30	RS	Record separator.	Control Character
0011111	1F	31	US	Unit separator.	Control Character
0100000	20	32	SP	Blank space	Special Character
0100001	21	33	!	Exclamation mark	Special Character
0100010	22	34		Only quotes above	Special Character
0100011	23	35	#	Pound sign	Special Character
0100100	24	36	$	Dollar sign	Special Character
0100101	25	37	%	Percentage sign	Special Character
0100110	26	38	&	Commercial and	Special Character
0100111	27	39		Apostrophe	Special Character
0101000	28	40	(	Left bracket	Special Character
0101001	29	41	)	Right bracket	Special Character
0101010	2A	42	*	Asterisk	Special Character
0101011	2B	43	+	Plus symbol	Special Character
0101100	2C	44	,	Comma	Special Character
0101101	2D	45	-	Dash	Special Character
0101110	2E	46	.	Full stop	Special Character
0101111	2F	47	/	Forward slash	Special Character
0110000	30	48	0		Numbers
0110001	31	49	1		Numbers
0110010	32	50	2		Numbers
0110011	33	51	3		Numbers
0110100	34	52	4		Numbers
0110101	35	53	5		Numbers
0110110	36	54	6		Numbers
0110111	37	55	7		Numbers
0111000	38	56	8		Numbers
0111001	39	57	9		Numbers
0111010	3A	58	:	Colon	Special characters
0111011	3B	59	;	Semicolon	Special characters
0111100	3C	60	<	Small than bracket	Special characters
0111101	3D	61	=	Equals sign	Special characters
0111110	3E	62	>	Bigger than symbol	Special characters
0111111	3F	63	?	Question mark	Special characters
1000000	40	64	@	At symbol	Special characters
1000001	41	65	A		Capital letters
1000010	42	66	B		Capital letters
1000011	43	67	C		Capital letters
1000100	44	68	D		Capital letters
1000101	45	69	E		Capital letters
1000110	46	70	F		Capital letters
1000111	47	71	G		Capital letters
1001000	48	72	H		Capital letters
1001001	49	73	I		Capital letters
1001010	4A	74	J		Capital letters
1001011	4B	75	K		Capital letters
1001100	4C	76	L		Capital letters
1001101	4D	77	M		Capital letters
1001110	4E	78	N		Capital letters
1001111	4F	79	O		Capital letters
1010000	50	80	P		Capital letters
1010001	51	81	Q		Capital letters
1010010	52	82	R		Capital letters
1010011	53	83	S		Capital letters
1010100	54	84	T		Capital letters
1010101	55	85	U		Capital letters
1010110	56	86	V		Capital letters
1010111	57	87	W		Capital letters
1011000	58	88	X		Capital letters
1011001	59	89	Y		Capital letters
1011010	5A	90	Z		Capital letters
1011011	5B	91	[	Left square bracket	Special character
1011100	5C	92	\	Inverse/backward slash	Special character
1011101	5D	93	]	Right square bracket	Special character
1011110	5E	94	^	Circumflex	Special character
1011111	5F	95	_	Underscore	Special character
1100000	60	96	`	Gravis (backtick)	Special character
1100001	61	97	A		Lowercase letters
1100010	62	98	B		Lowercase letters
1100011	63	99	C		Lowercase letters
1100100	64	100	D		Lowercase letters
1100101	65	101	E		Lowercase letters
1100110	66	102	F		Lowercase letters
1100111	67	103	G		Lowercase letters
1101000	68	104	H		Lowercase letters
1101001	69	105	I		Lowercase letters
1101010	6A	106	J		Lowercase letters
1101011	6B	107	K		Lowercase letters
1101100	6C	108	L		Lowercase letters
1101101	6D	109	M		Lowercase letters
1101110	6E	110	N		Lowercase letters
1101111	6F	111	O		Lowercase letters
1110000	70	112	P		Lowercase letters
1110001	71	113	Q		Lowercase letters
1110010	72	114	R		Lowercase letters
1110011	73	115	S		Lowercase letters
1110100	74	116	T		Lowercase letters
1110101	75	117	U		Lowercase letters
1110110	76	118	v		Lowercase letters
1110111	77	119	w		Lowercase letters
1111000	78	120	x		Lowercase letters
1111001	79	121	y		Lowercase letters
1111010	7A	122	z		Lowercase letters
1111011	7B	123	{	Left curly bracket	Special characters
1111100	7C	124	l	Vertical line	Special characters
1111101	7D	125	}	Right curly brackets	Special characters
1111110	7E	126	~	Tilde	Special characters
1111111	7F	127	DEL	The DEL(Delete) symbol deletes a character. This is a control character that consists of the same number in all positions.	Control characters

Example 1: (10010101100001111011011000011010100111000011011111101001 110111011101001000000011000101100100110011)₂

Step 1: In the first step, we we make the groups of 7-bits because the ASCII code is 7 bit.

1001010 1100001 1110110 1100001 1010100 1110000 1101111 1101001 1101110 1110100 1000000 0110001 0110010 0110011

Step 2: Then, we find the equivalent decimal number of the binary digits either from the ASCII table or 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 scheme.

Binary	Decimal
64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0	64+8+2=74
64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1	64+32+1=94
64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0	64+32+16+4+2=118
64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1	64+32+1=97
64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0	64+16+4=84
64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0	64+32+16=112
64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1	64+32+8+4+2+1=111
64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1	64+32+8+1=105
64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0	64+32+8+4+2=110
64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0	64+32+16+4=116
64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0	64
64 32 16 8 4 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1	32+16+1=49
64 32 16 8 4 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0	32+16+2=50
64 32 16 8 4 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1	32+16+2+1=51