NCERT Solutions Class 6 Maths

Chapter 4: Basic Geometrical Ideas

Exercise 4.1

1. Use the figure to name:

NCERT Solutions Class 6 Maths Chapter 4: Basic Geometrical Ideas

(a) Five points

Answer: O, B, C, D, E

Explanation: Points are the dots that determines a location.

(b) A line

Answer: DE, DO, DB, ED, EB

Explanation: A line is formed by joining two points. There are multiple lines in the above diagram.

For example,

OB, OE, OD, OC

DE, DO, DB

EO, ED, EB

(c) Four rays

Answer: ED, EB, DB, DE

Explanation: A ray is a type of line that goes endlessly in a single direction.

There are multiple rays in the above diagram.

OB, OE, OD, OC

DE, DO, DB

EO, ED, EB

(d) Five line segments

Answer: ED, EB, DB, DE, OC

Explanation: There are multiple line segments in the above diagram.

OB, OE, OD, OC

DE, DO, DB

EO, ED, EB

2. Name the line given in all possible (twelve) ways, choosing only two letters at time from the four given.

Answer:

3. Use the figure to name:

(a) Line containing point E.

Answer: AE

Explanation: There are multiple lines containing point E.

For example,

AE, BE, DE, FE

(b) Line passing through A.

Answer: AE

Explanation: There are multiple lines passing through A.

For example,

AE, AD, and AB

(c) Line on which O lies

Answer: OC or CO

Explanation: O lies on the line OC, also known as CO.

(d) Two pairs of intersecting lines.

Answer:

Pair 1: CO and AE

Pair 2: AE and EF

Explanation: A pair of intersecting line has only one point in common.

There are multiple names of two pairs of these intersecting lines.

For example,

OC and EA

EA and FE

OC and AB

EF and DE

OC and AD

FE and EB

4. How many lines can pass through

(a) one given point?

Answer: Infinite / Countless

Explanation: Infinite number of lines can pass through one point.

(b) two given points?

Answer: 1

Explanation: Only one line can pass through two given points.

5. Draw a rough figure and label suitably in each of the following cases:

(a) Point P lies on AB.

Diagram:

(b) XY and PQ intersect at M.

Diagram:

(d) OP and OQ meet at O.

Diagram:

6. Consider the following figure of line MN. Say whether following statements are true or false in context of the given figure.

(a) Q, M, O, N, P are points on the line MN.

Answer: True

Explanation: Q, M, O, N, P are the points on the line MN. Q and P also lies on the line MN,

(b) M, O, N are points on a line segment MN .

Answer: True

Explanation: Q, M, O, N, P are the points on the line segment MN.

Answer: True

Explanation: A line segment is formed between the two end points. It is named according to the two end-points. Thus, the line MN has two end points M and N.

(d) O and N are end points of line segment OP .

Answer: False

Explanation: A line segment is formed between the two end points. It is named according to the two end-points. Thus, the line OP has two endpoints O and P.

(e) M is one of the end points of line segment QO.

Answer: False

Explanation: The line QO has two endpoints O and Q. M is only the point on the line QO, not an endpoint.

(f) M is point on ray OP.

Answer: False

Explanation: A ray is a line in a single direction. The ray OP does not contains the point O because both has opposite directions.

(g) Ray OP is different from ray QP.

Answer: True

Explanation: Ray OP contain points O,P, and N, while ray QP contain points Q, M, O, N, P.

(h) Ray OP is same as ray OM.

Answer: False

Explanation: Ray OP contain points O,P, and N, while ray OM contain points O and M.

(i) Ray OM is not opposite to ray OP.

Answer: False

Explanation: Ray OM is opposite to ray OP becuase both has opposite directions.

(j) O is not an initial point of OP.

Answer: False

Explanation: A ray starts from an initial point. Thus, O is an intial point of ray OP.

(k) N is the initial point of NP and NM.

Answer: True

Explanation: A ray starts from an initial point. Thus, N is the initial point of both the rays NP and NM.

Exercise 4.2

1. Classify the following curves as (i) Open or (ii) Closed.

(a) Open curve

(b) Closed curve

(d) Closed curve

(e) Closed curve

Explanation:

Open curves are the curves that are joined end to end. It means the end points of the curve are joined together.

Closed curves are the curves that have open ends. It means the end points of the curve are different.

2. Draw rough diagrams to illustrate the following:

(a) Open curve

Diagram:

(b) Closed curve.

Diagram:

We can draw any type of open or closed curve.

3. Draw any polygon and shade its interior.

A polygon is a figure made of three or more line segments. There are different types of polygons.

Diagram:

Explanation:

It is a polygon with six sides.
It is a polygon with three sides.
It is a polygon with five sides.

4. onsider the given figure and answer the questions:

(a) Is it a curve?

Answer: Yes

It is a curve because a curve has line segments linked end to end.

(b) Is it closed?

Answer: It is a closed figure because the end points of the above figure are joined end to end.

5. Illustrate, if possible, each one of the following with a rough diagram:

(a) A closed curve that is not a polygon.

Diagram:

Explanation:

(b) An open curve made up entirely of line segments.

Diagram:

Explanation:

A curve has line segments linked end to end. A polygon is a closed figure made of three or more line segments. A curve can be made of different types of curves and line segments, while a polygon is only made of line segments.

Diagram:

Not possible. We cannot make a closed figure made of two line segments.

Explanation: A polygon is a closed figure made of three or more line segments.

Exercise 4.3

1. Name the angles in the given figure.

Answer:

∠ADC or ∠D or ∠CDA

∠DCB or ∠C or ∠BCD

∠CBA or ∠B or ∠ABC

∠BAD or ∠A or ∠DAB

2. In the given diagram, name the point(s),

(a) In the interior of ∠DOE

Answer: point A

Explanation: Point A is the only point lying in the interior (inside) of the ∠DOE.

(b) In the exterior of ∠EOF

Answer: A, C, D

Explanation: Point A, C, and D lies on the exterior (outside) of ∠EOF.

Answer: E, B, O, F

Explanation: Point E, B, O, and F lies on the boundary of the angle ∠EOF.

3. Draw rough diagrams of two angles such that they have

(a) One point in common.

Diagram:

Two angles: ∠AOB and ∠DOC

Common point: O

(b) Two points in common.

Diagram:

Two angles: ∠AOB and ∠BOC

Common point: O, B

Diagram:

Two angles: ∠AOB and ∠BOC

Common point: O, B, D

(d) Four points in common.

Diagram:

Two angles: ∠AOB and ∠BOC

Common point: O, B, D, E

(e) One ray in common.

Diagram:

Two angles: ∠AOB and ∠BOC

Common ray: OB

Exercise 4.4

1. Draw a rough sketch of a triangle ABC. Mark a point P in its interior and a point Q in its exterior. Is the point A in its exterior or in its interior?

Diagram:

A lies neither on the exterior nor interior.

Explanation: Point A is present on the boundary of the triangle. Hence, it is neither present in the exterior nor interior of the triangle.

2. (a) Identify three triangles in the figure.

Answer: ?ABC, ?ADC, ?ABD

(b) Write the names of seven angles.

Answer: ∠BAC, ∠ADB, ∠CAD, ∠BAD, ∠B, ∠C, ∠ADC

∠ABD or ∠DBA or ∠B

∠BDA or ∠ADB

∠ADC or ∠CDA

∠DCA or ∠ACD or ∠C

∠CAD or ∠DAC

∠DAB or ∠BAD

∠CAB or ∠BAC or ∠A

(c) Write the names of six line segments.

Answer: AB, BD, DC, AC, AD, BC

AB or BA

BD or DB

DC or CD

AC or CA

AD or DA

BC or CB

Note: The names of the angles, line segments, and traingle can be both clockwise or anti-clockwise. We can select any option.

(d) Which two triangles have ∠B as common?

Answer: ?ABC, ?ABD

Exercise 4.5

1. Draw a rough sketch of a quadrilateral PQRS. Draw its diagonals. Name them. Is the meeting point of the diagonals in the interior or exterior of the quadrilateral?

Diagram:

Diagonals: PR, SQ

Meeting point of diagonals: O

The meeting point of the quadrilateral lies in the interior of the traingle.

Explanation: Diagonals are always present in the interior of the quadrilateral. Hence, the meeting point or the intersecting point of the quadrilateral also lies in its interior.

2. Draw a rough sketch of a quadrilateral KLMN.

Diagram:

State,

(a) two pairs of opposite sides

Answer:

KL and NM

KN and ML

(b) two pairs of opposite angles

Answer:

∠K and ∠M

∠L and ∠N

Answer:

NM and LM

LK and KN

MN and NK

KL and NM

(d) two pairs of adjacent angles

Answer:

∠K and ∠L

∠M and ∠N

∠K and ∠N

∠M and ∠L

Exercise 4.6

1. From the figure, identify :

(a) the centre of circle

Answer: O

O is the center point of the circle.

(b) three radii

Answer: OC, OA, OB

OC, OA, and OB are three radii of the circle.

Radius = Diameter/2

Answer: AC

A diameter always pass through the center of the circle touching the two points on the circumference. Hence, AC is the only diameter in the above figure.

(d) a chord

Answer: ED

A chord is a line segment touching the two points on the circumference.

(e) two points in the interior

Answer: O, P

O and P are the two points lying inside the circle.

(f) a point in the exterior

Answer: Q

Q is the point lying outside the circle.

(g) a sector

Answer: OAB

AOB or OAB or OBA

AOB is the sector of the above circle. It is represented by the shaded portion.

(h) a segment

Answer: ED

ED is the segment of the above circle. It is also represented by the shaded portion.

(a) Is every diameter of a circle also a chord?

Answer: Yes

Explanation: A chord on a circle is formed by joining any two points on its circumference or boundary. A chord can also pass through the center of the circle. Hence, every diameter of a circle also a chord.

(b) Is every chord of a circle also a diameter?

Answer: A chord on a circle is formed by joining any two points on its circumference or boundary. A diameter also pass through the center of the circle, while a chord can/cannot pass through the center. Hence, every chord of a circle is not always the diameter.

3. Draw any circle and mark

(a) its centre

O is the center of the circle.

(b) a radius

OB is the radius of the circle.

(c) a diameter

AB is the diameter of the circle.

(d) a sector

BOC is the sector of the circle.

(e) a segment

DE is the segment of the circle.

(f) a point in its interior

F is the point in the interior of the circle.

(g) a point in its exterior

G is the point in the exterior of the circle.

(h) an arc

BC is the arc of the circle.

4. Say true or false :

(a) Two diameters of a circle will necessarily intersect.

Answer: True

Explanation: Every diameter of the circle passes through the center point of the circle. Hence, two diameters of a circle will necessarily intersect.

(b) The centre of a circle is always in its interior.

Answer: True

Explanation: Center means the mid point of a circle lying inside its boundary. Hence, the centre of a circle is always in its interior.

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