Student Record System in C

In this article, you will learn about a project which demonstrates how to build a Student Record System in C language. You will learn this concept through a single program which details all the functions happening in the entire process.

What is Student Record System, and why should we use it?

A simply generated database which stores all the details of the student, including the first name of the student, last name of the student, roll number of the student, CGPA of the student, courses registered by the student, etc. We need to use this in order to have secured student data and retrieve it whenever it is required. We are going to construct a program which is mainly based on switch cases and basic members of the programming language.

The operations that can be performed using the Student record System are:

Add the Student details
Retrieve the Student data with a roll number
Retrieve the Student data with a first name
Total number of Students registered in a particular course
Delete a Student data
Update a Student data
Total number of Students

Let us split this entire software into fragments in which each fragment consists of a method describing one of those operations discussed above one by one sequentially. After finding the methods for all the operations listed, let us merge all of the discussed methods to form software that deals with and represents the Student Record System. This makes our work more accessible and understandable.

1. add_student():

This method enables the addition of the details of a new Student. It gets the input data from the user and adds the same data into the Student record system by storing it within the system. It also checks the uniqueness of the roll number while adding the details of the Student, as the roll number of any student must be uniquely defined. Let us get into a program which details the method " add_student() ".

A program that demonstrates the method " add_student() " which performs the Addition of details of new Students:

// method that is declared 
// to scan the details of a new students
// or to add the new student details to the database

// use the method add_student() 
void add_student()
{
    printf("You can add the Student data now !! \n");

    // entering the first name of the student
    printf("Enter the first name of the Student: ");
    // scan the first name of the student by using the scanf statement
    st[i].f_name = "Nikki";
    // (I've directly entered the first name to have a                                   glance )
    
    // entering the last name of the student
    printf("Enter the last name of the Student: ");
    // scan the last name of the student by using the scanf statement
    st[i].l_name = "Manne";

    // entering the roll number of the student
    printf("Enter the roll number of the Student: ");
    // scan the roll number of the student by using the scanf statement
    st[i].r_no = 27;

    // entering the CGPA of the student
    printf("Enter the CGPA that the student achieved: ");
    // scan the CGPA of the student by using the scanf statement
    st[i].cgpa = 9;

    // entering the course id of each course to register
    printf("List of courses with their respective course ids: ");
    
    // iteration used for storing 
    // the enrolled courses of every student
    for(int j = 0; j<5; j++)
    {
        // storing the j value 
        // in the corresponding
        // course number
        st[j].cid[j] = j;
    }
    // increasing the value number of students 
    // by 1 after every iteration
    // as the details of the new student are entered
    i++;

}

An explanation for the above Program or method:

The method " add_student() " is considered in order to add the details of a new student. This is manually done by taking every detail as an input in their respective steps, and finally, the data is stored in the database of the system. According to the requirement, the variables are declared and initiated with an initial value. For example, the value of j is initialized with " 0 " as it must be iterated starting from the 0^th iteration. In the same way, the values of roll number, first name, etc., are also declared as the input that must be taken from the user. All the process discussed above which involves entering the student details takes place in this method or function body.

The inputs are taken simply by scanning the values using " scanf ", and in order to print the list of few details, the iterations are made using loops. This is a simply generated method in which all the basic members, like loops, print statements, scan statements, etc., of the language are used. The inputs of the students' details are taken according to their data types. In this way, the working of the method " add_student() " is performed.

2. find_using_roll():

This method is used to find the entire details of a specified student with their roll number as an input which is uniquely defined anyway. It takes the input of the roll number of the student in order to find the details of the student carrying that specified roll number ( through the input ). This is the main reason for giving unique roll numbers to each student so that their identity can be protected and the data can be retrieved easily just by using the roll number. Let us understand this concept through a program which details the method " find_using_roll() ".

A program that demonstrates the method " find_using_roll() " which performs the Retrieval of details of the Student by using their roll number:

// method that is declared 
// to scan the roll number of a student
// and print all the details 
// of the respective student bearing the roll number

// use the method find_using_roll() 
void find_using_roll()
{
    int roll;
    printf("You can find the Student data ");
    printf("by entering a roll number now !! \n")

    // scanning the roll number of the student
    printf("Enter the roll number of the Student: ");
    // scan the roll number of the student by using the scanf statement
    roll = 23;
    // (I've directly entered the roll number to have a 
    // glance )
    // in order to find the details
    // we are iterating through all the details 
    // of the students present within the data
    // using a for loop
    for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) 
    {
 
        // If the condition denotes the situation 
        // where the roll number is found
        if (roll == st[j].r_no) 
        {
            printf("The details of the Student ");
            printf("with the roll number ",roll," are\n");

            // printing the first name of the student
            printf("The First name of the student is %s\n", st[j].f_name);
            printf("The Last name of the student is %s\n", st[j].l_name);
            printf("The CGPA of the student is %f\n", st[j].cgpa);
            
            // Printing the list of names of the courses
            // which are enrolled by the student

            // iteration used for displaying 
            // all the 5 courses 
            // that are enrolled by the student
		  // using a " for " loop
            for (int k = 0; k < 5; k++) 
            {
                printf("The course ID is %d\n", st[j].cid[k]);
            }
            break;
        }
    }
    

}

An explanation for the above Program or method comparing this method with the previously discussed method:

The method " find_using_roll() " is declared a way different from the first method " add_student() ". Because the method " add_student() "takes an input of all the details of the student irrespective of the specification and adds the information of a new student. But, the method " find_using_roll() " takes the input of the roll number of the existing student and then finds all the details of the student based on the roll number given. All the process which involves entering the student details takes place in this method or function body. This is the difference between the methods " add_student() " and " find_using_roll() ".

The base condition is taken as the roll number, and all the students' details are verified with the roll number. As soon as the match is found, the details of that particular student will be printed. The rest of the procedure followed in the program of the " find_using_roll() " method is quite the same as that of the " add_student() " method. In this way, the working of the method " find_using_roll() " is performed.

3. find_using_fname():

This method is used to find the entire details of a specified student with their first name as input. So, the method " find_using_fname() " takes the input of the first name of the student in order to find the details of the student carrying that specified first name ( through the input ). Let us understand this concept through a program which details the " find_using_fname() " method.

A program that demonstrates the method " find_using_fname() " which performs the Retrieval of details of the Student by using their first name:

// method that is declared 
// to scan the first name of a student
// and print all the details 
// of the respective student bearing the first name

// use the method find_using_fname() 
void find_using_fname()
{
    char name[50];
    printf("You can find the Student data ");
    printf("by entering the first name now !! \n")

    // scanning the first name of the student
    printf("Enter the first name of the Student: ");
    // scan the first name of the student by using the scanf statement
    f_name = "Nikhitha ";
    // (But I've directly entered the first name
    // in order to have a glance )
 
    // to find the details of the student,
    // we are iterating through all the details 
    // of the students present within the data

    // using a for loop
    for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
 
        // If the condition denotes the situation 
        // where the first name is being searched is found

	  // the strcmp() compares the given two strings
        // by comparing each character one by one
        // and if the strings are the same
        // then the function returns 0

        if (!strcmp(st[j].f_name, name)) 
        {
 
            printf("The details of the student are displayed below\n");
            printf("The First name of the student is %s\n", st[j].f_name);
            printf("The Last name of the student is %s\n", st[j].l_name);
            printf("The Roll Number of the student is %d\n ", st[j].r_no);
            printf("The CGPA of the student is %f\n", st[j].cgpa);
            
            // Printing the list of names of the courses
            // which are enrolled by the student

            // iteration used for displaying 
            // all the 5 courses 
            // that are enrolled by the student
            for (int k = 0; k < 5; k++) 
            {
                printf("The course ID is %d\n", st[j].cid[k]);
            }
           
        }
    }
}

An explanation for the above Program or method comparing this method with the previously discussed methods:

The method " find_using_fname() " is declared a way different from the first method " add_student() " but similar to the method " find_using_roll() ". Because the method " add_student() "takes an input of all the details of the student irrespective of the specification and adds the information of a new student. All the process which involves entering the student details takes place in this method or function body.

The base condition is taken as the first name, and all the students' details are compared with that first name. As soon as the match is found, the details of that particular student will be printed. The rest of the procedure followed in the program of the " find_using_fname() " method is quite the same as that of the " add_student() " method and completely similar to that of the method " find_using_roll() ". In this way, the working of the method " find_using_fname() " is performed.

5. find_using_course():

This method is used to find the details of the total students registered in a particular course with the course ID as input. So, the " find_using_course() " method takes the input of the course id and then prints all the details of the student who are enrolled in the course mentioned through the input. Let us understand this concept of finding the details through a program which details the method " find_using_fname() ".

A program that demonstrates the method " find_using_course() " which performs the Retrieval of details of the Students enrolled in a particular by using the course id:

// method that is declared 
// to scan the course id
// and print all the details 
// of the students who have enrolled 
// that particular course

void find_using_course()
{
    int id;
    printf("You can find the Student data ");
    printf("who have enrolled in the course. ");
    printf("Enter the course ID of the desired course: \n");
 
    // scanning the course id
    // scan the course id of by using the scanf statement
    id = 21;
    // (I've directly entered the course id
    // to have a glance )
 

    // in order to find the details,
    // we are iterating through all the details 
    // of the students present within the data
    // with the given course id

    // using a for loop
    // and the iteration continuous 
    // until the iteration variable
    // is less than or equal to 
    // the maximum number of students
    // registered in that course
    for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) 
    {
 
        // iteration being processed
        // in order to get the list of students
        // who have registered for the 
        // given course id
        for (int d = 0; d < 5; d++) 
        {
            // checking the condition
            // for a match
            // with the given course id
            if (id == st[j].cid[d]) 
            {
 
                printf("The details of the Students ");
                printf("who have registered with the corresponding ");
                printf("course id: ");
                printf("The first name of the student is %s\n", st[j].f_name);
                printf("The last name of the student is %s\n", st[j].l_name);
                printf("The Roll number of the student is %d\n ", st[j].r_no);
                printf("The CGPA of the student is %f\n", st[j].cgpa);
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}    

An explanation for the above Program or method comparing this method with the previously discussed methods:

The method " find_using_course() " is declared a way different from the first method " add_student() " but similar to the methods " find_using_roll() " and " find_using_fname() ". Because the method " add_student() "takes an input of all the details of the student irrespective of the specification and adds the information of a new student. All the process which involves entering the student details takes place in this method or function body.

But, the method " find_using_roll() " takes the input of the roll number of the existing student and then finds all the details of the student based on the roll number given. In the same way, the method " find_using_fname() " takes the input of the first name of the existing student and then prints all details of that corresponding student, and the method " find_using_course() " takes the input of course id, finds the registered students, iterates over the details of the existing students and then prints all details of that corresponding students one by one. This quality is one of the major similarities between the methods " find_using_fname() ", " find_using_roll() " and " find_using_course ".

The base condition is taken as the course id, and all the students' details are verified in order to find the relevant course id and are compared with that course id which is taken as input. As soon as the match is found, the details of those particular students who have registered or enrolled on that course will be printed. The same iteration takes place until the maximum number of students registered for that course is reached. In this way, the working of the method " find_using_course() " is performed.

5. delete():

This method is used to delete the details of the student by referring to a roll number which is taken as an input. So, the " delete() " method takes the input of the roll number of the student whose data is supposed to be deleted and then deletes all the details or the data of the student who bares the roll number mentioned through the input. Let us understand this concept of finding the details through a program which details the method " delete() ".

A program that demonstrates the method " delete() " which performs the deletion of details of the Student by using the corresponding roll number:

// method that is declared 
// to delete the student data
// by scanning the roll number
// of the student whose data 
// is supposed to be deleted

void delete()
{
    int roll;
    printf("Enter the roll number of the student ");
    printf("that you want to delete: ");
    // scanning the roll number
    // scan the roll number by using the scanf statement
    roll = 15;
    // (I've directly entered the roll number
    // to have a glance )

    // iteration being performed throughout the data
    // to find the student bearing the 
    // roll number, which is given as an input
    // using a for loop
    for(int j =0; j<= i; j++)
    {
        // checking the condition
        // for a match
        // with the given roll number
        if(roll == st[j].r_no)
        {
            for(int k = j; k < 49; k++)
            {
                st[k] = st[k + 1];
            }
            i--;
        }
    }

    printf("The details of the student ");
    printf("bearing the roll number "+roll+" are successfully ");
    printf("removed");

}

An explanation for the above Program or method and comparing this method with the previously discussed methods:

The method " delete() " is declared in a way which is completely different from all the methods that are discussed and declared previously, i.e., the methods " add_student() ", " find_using_fname() ", " find_using_roll() " and " find_using_course() ". The method " add_student() "takes an input of all the details of the student irrespective of the specification and adds the information of a new student. All the process which involves entering the student details takes place in this method or function body.

The method " find_using_roll() " takes the input of the roll number of the existing student and then finds all the details of the student based on the roll number given. In the same way, the method " find_using_fname() " takes the input of the first name of the existing student and then prints all details of that corresponding student, and the method " find_using_course() " takes the input of course id, finds the registered students, iterates over the details of the existing students and then prints all details of that corresponding students one by one.

Whereas the method " delete() " deals with the deletion of the details of a particular student whose roll number is given as input by the user. This method helps in clearing the cache or the unwanted students' details. The base condition is taken as the roll, and all the students' details are verified in order to find the relevant roll number and are compared with that roll number which is taken as input. As soon as the match is found, the details of those particular students who have the required roll number will be deleted from the database. The same iteration takes place until the matching roll number is found. In this way, the working of the method " delete() " is performed.

6. update():

This method is used to update the details of the student by referring to a roll number which is taken as an input. So, the" update() " method takes the input of the roll number of the student whose data is supposed to be updated and then updates all the details or the data of the student who bares the roll number mentioned through the input. Sometimes, you need not update all the details, but only some of the details should be updated. In such cases also, this method can be used. Let us understand this concept of finding the details through a program which details the method " update() ".

A program that demonstrates the method " update() " which performs the updating of details of the Student by using the corresponding roll number:

// method that is declared 
// to update the student data
// by scanning the roll number
// of the student whose data 
// is supposed to be updated

void update()
{
 
    int roll;
    printf("Enter the roll number of the student ");
    printf("that you want to update: ");
    
    // scanning the roll number
    
    // scan the roll number of the student 
    // by using the scanf statement
    roll = 19;
    // (I've directly entered the roll number
    // to have a glance )

    // iteration being performed throughout the data
    // to find the student bearing the 
    // roll number, which is given as an input
    
    // using a for loop
    for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) 
    {
        // checking the condition
        // for a match
        // with the given roll number
        if (st[j].r_no == roll) 
        {
            printf("Enter the number ");
            printf("for which details you want to update: ");
            printf("1. First name of the student\n");
            printf("2. Last name of the student\n");
            printf("3. Roll number of the student\n");
            printf("4. CGPA of the student\n");
            printf("5. Courses registered by the");
            printf(" student\n");   
            int z;
 
            // scan the number by using the scanf statement
            z = 4;
            // (I've directly entered the number
            // to have a glance )
            switch (z) 
            {
            case 1:
                printf("Enter the first name ");
                printf("that you want to update : \n");
                scanf("%s", st[j].f_name);
                break;
            case 2:
                printf("Enter the last name ");
                printf("that you want to update : \n");
                scanf("%s", st[j].l_name);
                
                break;
            case 3:
                printf("Enter the first name ");
                printf("that you want to update : \n");
                scanf("%d", &st[j].r_no);
                break;
            case 4:
                printf("Enter the new CGPA : \n");
                // scan the cgpa by using the scanf statement
                st[j].cgpa = 9.7;
                // (I've directly entered the cgpa
                // to have a glance )

                break;
            case 5:
                printf("Enter the new courses \n");
                scanf("%d %d %d", &st[j].cid[0],
                      &st[j].cid[1], &st[j].cid[2]);
                break;
            }
            printf("THE DETAILS OF THE STUDENT "); 
            printf("ARE UPDATED SUCCESSFULLY.\n");
        }
    }
}

An explanation for the above Program or method and comparing this method with the previously discussed methods:

The method " update() " is declared in a way which is completely different from all the methods that are discussed and declared previously, i.e., the methods " add_student() ", " find_using_fname() ", " find_using_roll() ", " find_using_course() " and " delete() ". The method " add_student() "takes an input of all the details of the student irrespective of the specification and adds the information of a new student. All the process which involves entering the student details takes place in this method or function body.

Whereas the method " update() " deals with the updating of the details of a particular student whose roll number is given as input by the user. This method helps in having an up to date details of the students. In this method, the old details will be replaced and updated by the new details, and the new details will be asked to enter. The user will be given a choice in which we have to choose which detail he wishes to update.

The base condition is taken as the roll, and all the students' details are verified in order to find the relevant roll number and are compared with that roll number which is taken as input. As soon as the match is found, the details of those particular students who have the required roll number will be updated accordingly in the database. The same iteration takes place until the matching roll number is found.

For example, if the number 4 is selected from the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, in which 1 represents updating the " first name of the student ", 2 represents " updating the last name of the student ", 3 represents " updating the roll number of the student ", 4 represents " updating the cgpa of the student " and 5 represents " updating the courses registered by the student ". So, as the input is given as 4, the cgpa of the student is updated, and the old cgpa will be replaced by the new cgpa. In this way, the working of the method " update() " is performed.

7. count():

The method that helps in printing or acknowledging the user about the total number of students present within the database and also the number of students that can be taken as a new admission by considering the maximum number of students is the " count() " method. So, this method tells the user how many students are already existing and how many new students can be taken by considering the maximum number of students that can exist within the institute.

A program that demonstrates the method " count() " which counts the total number of students and also mentions the number of vacancies by taking the maximum number of students into consideration:

// method that is declared 
// to print the total number 
// of students 

void count()
{
    // initially, i is taken as
    // the total number of students
    // and the value of i is always 
    // incremented whenever a student
    // is added
    // value of i is
    // equal to the value of total
    // number of students

    // printing the value of i
    printf("The total number");
    printf(" of Students is: %d\n",i);

    printf("\n The maximum number ");
    printf("of students is 50\n");

    // as the maximum number of students is 50
    // the leftover number is calculated
    // by subtracting the value of i from 50

    printf("%d more students can be added",50-i);
    
}

An explanation for the above Program or method:

The method " count() " is used in order to calculate the total number of students and also prints the vacant places for the new students. In one of the previous methods, i.e., the method in which the new students are added, a variable " i " is declared in order to store the value of the students being added, and for every iteration, the value of " i " is incremented. At last, the final value of the variable " i " is fixed. That value is equal to the total number of students' details stored in the database. So, printing the value of " i " is performed in order to know the value of the total number of students. The value of " i " is subtracted from the maximum number of students that can be stored to know the number of vacancies for the students.

These are the methods or functions that are responsible for the construction of the program " Student Record System in C ". The program is a combination of all the methods discussed above. Let us construct the program.

A program that demonstrates the " Student Record System in C ":

// C program that demonstrates the
// implementation of 
// Student Record System

// import all the required
// packages and libraries
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>

// initiate the value of i
// to have an iteration 
// and keep track of 
// the number of students

int i = 0;

// initiate a structure
// in order to store the 
// information of student

struct student_info
{
    char f_name[50];
    char l_name[50];
    int r_no;
    float cgpa;
    int cid[10];
}st[55];

// method declared
// in order to add
// a new student
void add_student()
{
    printf("You can add the Student data now !! \n");

    // entering the first name of the student
    printf("Enter the first name of the Student: ");
    // scan the first name of the student by using the scanf statement 
    scanf("%s", st[i].f_name);
    // entering the last name of the student
    printf("Enter the last name of the Student: ");
    // scan the last name of the student by using the scanf statement
    scanf("%s", st[i].l_name);

    // entering the roll number of the student
    printf("Enter the roll number of the Student: ");
    // scan the roll number of the student by using the scanf statement
    scanf("%d", &st[i].r_no);

    // entering the CGPA of the student
    printf("Enter the CGPA that the student achieved: ");
    // scan the CGPA of the student by using the scanf statement
    scanf("%f", &st[i].cgpa);

    // entering the course id of each course to register
    printf("List of courses with their respective course ids: ");
    
    // iteration used for storing 
    // the enrolled courses of every student
    for(int j = 0; j<5; j++)
    {
        // storing the j value 
        // in the corresponding
        // course number
        scanf("%d", &st[i].cid[j]);
    }
    // increasing the value number of students 
    // by 1 after every iteration
    // as the details of the new student are entered
    i = i+1;

}

// method declared
// in order to 
// find the details of 
// the existing student
// using a roll number
void find_using_roll()
{
    int roll;
    printf("You can find the Student data ");
    printf("by entering a roll number now !! \n");

    // scanning the roll number of the student
    printf("Enter the roll number of the Student: ");
    // scan the roll number of the student by using the scanf statement
    scanf("%d", &roll);
    // in order to find the details
    // we are iterating through all the details 
    // of the students present within the data
    // using a for loop
    for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) 
    {
 
        // If the condition denotes the situation 
        // where the roll number is found
        if (roll == st[i].r_no) 
        {
            printf("The details of the Student ");
            printf("with the roll given number are\n");

            // printing the first name of the student
            printf("The First name of the student is %s\n", st[j].f_name);
            printf("The Last name of the student is %s\n", st[j].l_name);
            printf("The CGPA of the student is %f\n", st[j].cgpa);
            
            // Printing the list of names of the courses
            // which are enrolled by the student

            // iteration used for displaying 
            // all the 3 courses 
            // that are enrolled by the student
            // using a " for " loop
        }
        for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) 
        {
            printf("The course ID is %d\n", st[i].cid[j]);
        }
        break;
    }
}

// method that is declared 
// to scan the first name of a student
// and print all the details 
// of the respective student bearing the first name

// use the method find_using_fname() 
void find_using_fname()
{
    char name[50];
    printf("You can find the Student data ");
    printf("by entering the first name now !! \n");

    // scanning the first name of the student
    printf("Enter the first name of the Student: ");
    // scan the first name of the student by using the scanf statement
    scanf("%s", name);
    // (But I've directly entered the first name
    // in order to have a glance )
 
    // to find the details of the student,
    // we are iterating through all the details 
    // of the students present within the data

    // using a for loop
    for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
 
        // If the condition denotes the situation 
        // where the first name is being searched is found

      // the strcmp() compares the given two strings
        // by comparing each character one by one
        // and if the strings are the same
        // then the function returns 0

        if (!strcmp(st[j].f_name, name)) 
        {
 
            printf("The details of the student are displayed below\n");
            printf("The First name of the student is %s\n", st[j].f_name);
            printf("The Last name of the student is %s\n", st[j].l_name);
            printf("The Roll Number of the student is %d\n ", st[j].r_no);
            printf("The CGPA of the student is %f\n", st[j].cgpa);
            
            // Printing the list of names of the courses
            // which are enrolled by the student

            // iteration used for displaying 
            // all the 3 courses 
            // that are enrolled by the student
            for (int k = 0; k < 5; k++) 
            {
                printf("The course ID is %d\n", st[j].cid[k]);
            }
           
        }
        
    }
}

// method that is declared 
// to scan the course id
// and print all the details 
// of the students who have enrolled 
// that particular course

void find_using_course()
{
    int id;
    printf("You can find the Student data ");
    printf("who have enrolled in the course. ");
    printf("Enter the course ID of the desired course: \n");
 
    // scanning the course id
    // scan the course id of by using the scanf statement
    scanf("%d",&id);

    // in order to find the details,
    // we are iterating through all the details 
    // of the students present within the data
    // with the given course id

    // using a for loop
    // and the iteration continuous 
    // until the iteration variable
    // is less than or equal to 
    // the maximum number of students
    // registered in that course
    for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) 
    {
 
        // iteration being processed
        // in order to get the list of students
        // who have registered for the 
        // given course id
        for (int d = 0; d < 5; d++) 
        {
            // checking the condition
            // for a match
            // with the given course id
            if (id == st[j].cid[d]) 
            {
 
                printf("The details of the Students ");
                printf("who have registered with the ");
                printf("corresponding course id: \n");
                printf("The first name of the student is %s\n", st[j].f_name);
                printf("The last name of the student is %s\n", st[j].l_name);
                printf("The Roll number of the student is %d\n", st[j].r_no);
                printf("The CGPA of the student is %f\n", st[j].cgpa);
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}    

// method that is declared 
// to delete the student data
// by scanning the roll number
// of the student whose data 
// is supposed to be deleted
void delete()
{
    int roll;
    printf("Enter the roll number of the student ");
    printf("that you want to delete: ");
    // scanning the roll number
    // scan the roll number by using the scanf statement
    scanf("%d", &roll);

    // iteration being performed throughout the data
    // to find the student bearing the 
    // roll number, which is given as an input
    // using a for loop
    for(int j =0; j<= i; j++)
    {
        // checking the condition
        // for a match
        // with the given roll number
        if(roll == st[j].r_no)
        {
            for(int k = j; k < 49; k++)
            {
                st[k] = st[k + 1];
            }
            i--;
        }
    }

    printf("The details of the student ");
    printf("bearing the given roll number are successfully ");
    printf("removed");

}

// method that is declared 
// to update the student data
// by scanning the roll number
// of the student whose data 
// is supposed to be updated

void update()
{
 
    int roll;
    printf("Enter the roll number of the student ");
    printf("that you want to update: ");
    
    // scanning the roll number
    
    // scan the roll number of the student 
    // by using the scanf statement
    scanf("%d\n", &roll);

    // iteration being performed throughout the data
    // to find the student bearing the 
    // roll number, which is given as an input
    
    // using a for loop
    for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) 
    {
        // checking the condition
        // for a match
        // with the given roll number
        if (st[j].r_no == roll) 
        {
            printf("Enter the number ");
            printf("for which details you want to update: \n");
            printf("1. First name of the student\n");
            printf("2. Last name of the student\n");
            printf("3. Roll number of the student\n");
            printf("4. CGPA of the student\n");
            printf("5. Courses registered by the student\n");
            int z;
 
            // scan the number by using the scanf statement
            scanf("%d", &z);
            switch (z) 
            {
            case 1:
                printf("Enter the first name ");
                printf("that you want to update : \n");
                scanf("%s", st[j].f_name);
                break;
            case 2:
                printf("Enter the last name ");
                printf("that you want to update : \n");
                scanf("%s", st[j].l_name);
                
                break;
            case 3:
                printf("Enter the first name ");
                printf("that you want to update : \n");
                scanf("%d", &st[j].r_no);
                break;
            case 4:
                printf("Enter the new CGPA : \n");
                // scan the cgpa by using the scanf statement
                scanf("%f", &st[j].cgpa);
                // (I've directly entered the cgpa
                // to have a glance )

                break;
            case 5:
                printf("Enter the new courses \n");
                scanf("%d%d%d%d%d", &st[j].cid[0], &st[j].cid[1], &st[j].cid[2], &st[j].cid[3], &st[j].cid[4]);
                break;
            }
            printf("The Details of the Student "); 
            printf("are updated successfully !!\n");
        }
    }
}

// method that is declared 
// to print the total number 
// of students 

void count()
{
    // initially, i is taken as
    // the total number of students
    // and the value of i is always 
    // incremented whenever a student
    // is added
    // value of i is
    // equal to the value of total
    // number of students

    // printing the value of i
    printf("The total number");
    printf(" of Students is: %d\n",i);

    printf("\nThe maximum number ");
    printf("of students is 50\n");

    // as the maximum number of students is 50
    // the leftover number is calculated
    // by subtracting the value of i from 50

    printf("%d more students can be added\n",50-i);
    
}

// initiating the main section
void main()
{
    int choice;
    while (i = 1)
    {
        // giving the possible statements 
        printf("\n\n\n1. Add the details of the student\n");
        printf("2. Find the details of the");
        printf(" student by using roll number\n");
        printf("3. Find the details of the");
        printf(" student by using first name\n");
        printf("4. Find the details of the");
        printf(" student by using course id\n");
        printf("5. Update the details of the");
        printf(" student by using roll number\n");
        printf("6. Delete the details of the");
        printf(" student by using roll number\n");
        printf("7. Find the total number ");
        printf("of students\n");
        printf("8. Exit\n");
        
        printf("Enter the choice number");
        printf(" that you want to perform: ");
        scanf("%d", &choice);
                  
        // use switch cases to
        // access the method
        switch (choice)
        {
            // to add student
            case 1:
                add_student();
                break;

            // to find student
            // using roll number
            case 2:
                find_using_roll();
                break;

            // to find student 
            // using the first name
            case 3:
                find_using_fname();
                break;
            
            // to find student
            // using course id
            case 4:
                find_using_course();
                break;
            
            // to update details
            // using roll number
            case 5:
                update();
                break;
            
            // to delete details
            // using roll number
            case 6:
                delete();
                break;
            
            // to count the total
            // number of students
            case 7:
                count();
                break;
            
            // to exit
            case 8:
                printf("Exit successful!!");
                exit(0);
                break;
            
        }

    }
}

The output of the above Program for the corresponding input:

1. Add the details of the student
2. Find the details of the student by using roll number
3. Find the details of the student by using first name
4. Find the details of the student by using course id
5. Update the details of the student by using roll number
6. Delete the details of the student by using roll number
7. Find the total number of students
8. Exit
Enter the choice number that you want to perform: 1
You can add the Student data now !!
Enter the first name of the Student: Nikhitha
Enter the last name of the Student: Manne
Enter the roll number of the Student: 21
Enter the CGPA that the student achieved: 8.95
List of courses with their respective course ids: 1
2
3
4
5

1. Add the details of the student
2. Find the details of the student by using roll number
3. Find the details of the student by using first name
4. Find the details of the student by using course id
5. Update the details of the student by using roll number
6. Delete the details of the student by using roll number
7. Find the total number of students
8. Exit
Enter the choice number that you want to perform: 2
You can find the Student data by entering a roll number now !!
Enter the roll number of the Student: 21
The details of the Student with the roll given number are
The First name of the student is Nikhitha
The Last name of the student is Manne
The CGPA of the student is 8.950000
The course ID is 1
The course ID is 2
The course ID is 3
The course ID is 4
The course ID is 5

1. Add the details of the student
2. Find the details of the student by using roll number
3. Find the details of the student by using first name
4. Find the details of the student by using course id
5. Update the details of the student by using roll number
6. Delete the details of the student by using roll number
7. Find the total number of students
8. Exit
Enter the choice number that you want to perform: 3
You can find the Student data by entering the first name now !!
Enter the first name of the Student: Nikhitha
The details of the student are displayed below
The First name of the student is Nikhitha
The Last name of the student is Manne
The Roll Number of the student is 21
The CGPA of the student is 8.950000
The course ID is 1
The course ID is 2
The course ID is 3
The course ID is 4
The course ID is 5

1. Add the details of the student
2. Find the details of the student by using roll number
3. Find the details of the student by using first name
4. Find the details of the student by using course id
5. Update the details of the student by using roll number
6. Delete the details of the student by using roll number
7. Find the total number of students
8. Exit
Enter the choice number that you want to perform: 4
You can find the Student data who have enrolled in the course. Enter the course ID of the desired course:
1
The details of the Students who have registered with the corresponding course id:
The first name of the student is Nikhitha
The last name of the student is Manne
The Roll number of the student is 21
The CGPA of the student is 8.950000

1. Add the details of the student
2. Find the details of the student by using roll number
3. Find the details of the student by using first name
4. Find the details of the student by using course id
5. Update the details of the student by using roll number
6. Delete the details of the student by using roll number
7. Find the total number of students
8. Exit
Enter the choice number that you want to perform: 5
Enter the roll number of the student that you want to update: 21
Enter the number for which details you want to update:
1. First name of the student
2. Last name of the student
3. Roll number of the student
4. CGPA of the student
5. Courses registered by the student
1
Enter the first name that you want to update :
Nikki
The Details of the Student are updated successfully !!

The maximum number of students is 50
49 more students can be added

1. Add the details of the student
2. Find the details of the student by using roll number
3. Find the details of the student by using first name
4. Find the details of the student by using course id
5. Update the details of the student by using roll number
6. Delete the details of the student by using roll number
7. Find the total number of students
8. Exit
Enter the choice number that you want to perform: 2
You can find the Student data by entering a roll number now !!
Enter the roll number of the Student: 21
The course ID is 0
The course ID is 0
The course ID is 0
The course ID is 0
The course ID is 0

An explanation for the above Program and its corresponding output:

For the above program, all the possible inputs are given one by one after receiving the previous outputs. The options are given with their respective serial numbers so that one of those can be chosen by the user through the input. The options with their respective numbers are:

Add the details of the student
Find the details of the student by using roll number
Find the details of the student by using first name
Find the details of the student by using course id
Update the details of the student by using roll number
Delete the details of the student by using roll number
Find the total number of students
Exit

So, the user will be asked to choose the desired option from the above-listed operations, and the operation that is selected will be performed. If the first option, i.e., " add the details of the student," is chosen, the details of a new student can be added. If the second option, i.e., " find the details of the student by using roll number ", is chosen, the details of an already existing student can be found using roll number. If the third option, i.e., " find the details of the student by using the first name", is chosen, the details of an already existing student can be found using the first name.

Similarly, if the fourth option, i.e., " Find the details of the student by using course id ", is chosen, the details of an already existing student can be found using course id that is registered by the student. If the fifth option, i.e., " update the details of the student by using roll number ", is chosen, the details of an already existing student can be updated using the respective roll number. If the sixth option, i.e., " delete the details of the student by using roll number ", is chosen, the details of an already existing student can be deleted from the database using their respective roll number. If the seventh option, i.e., " find the total number of students ", is chosen, the total number of students will be displayed. If the eighth option, i.e., " Exit ", is chosen, you will exit from the terminal.

In order to access and perform these operations, initially, the respective functions and methods are declared so that they can be accessed whenever required, accordingly. In this way, the database system that stores and secures the Student details can be created.

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