Essay On Covid19

Since almost two years ago, the world has been discussing Covid-19, also known as the coronavirus. The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes an infectious disease known as the coronavirus. Because of the virus's surface's spikes that resemble that of a crown, they go by the name "Corona." Examples of diseases that are similar to coronaviruses that infect people include the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).

In December 2019, Wuhan, China, had the first reports of the new coronavirus strain, SARS-CoV-2. It has since spread to every country in the world. The world has changed to a new normal since the start of the pandemic, where masks are the new accessory and sanitisers are used like sunscreen

What Is The Origin Of Coronavirus?

Bats widely carry coronaviruses. Animals do have viruses, but they cannot infect them. Occasionally, these viruses can disperse and infect a variety of other animal species and humans. Viral transmission has the ability to lead to virus evolution (mutate). Eventually, the virus has the potential to move from animal to human species. The initial SARS-CoV-2 infections are believed to have occurred in a food store that sold meat, fish, the meat of bats and other live animals.

How Could One Acquire Covid-19?

The COVID-19 virus, known as SARS-CoV-2, enters the body through the mouth, nose, or eyes (directly from the airborne droplets or from the transfer of the virus from your hands to your face). The mucous membrane at the back of the throat and the back of the nasal passages are where it goes next. After attaching to those cells, it begins to grow before invading lung tissue. From there, the virus might move to other bodily tissues.

How Long Does A Person Infected With Covid-19 Remain Contagious?

Even though it may take you a few days to experience symptoms if you have Covid-19, you are still contagious throughout this period. Ten days following the offset of your symptoms, you are no longer contagious. One needs to be very careful and take all the precautions to save themselves from coming in contact with an infected person. The person who has recovered should take extra precautions to not come in contact with anyone else; they will infect others. There are certain guidelines that one should follow to avoid getting infected; these are as follow -

• Aim to keep your distance of 6 feet from other people.
• When around people, put on a cotton mask that conceals your mouth and nose.
• Do not enter busy indoor areas. Open windows to let in as much fresh air as you can.
• Regularly wash your hands. Use a hand sanitiser with at least 60% alcohol.
• If you have Covid-19-related symptoms or receive a positive Covid-19 test result, isolate yourself at home.
• Surfaces that are touched frequently must be cleaned and sanitised.

The Covid-19 Symptoms

The symptoms of Covid-19 are different for every individual. In fact, some people who are infected show no symptoms at all (asymptomatic). In general, persons with Covid-19 report some of the following symptoms:

• Chills or a fever.
• Cough.
• Respiratory problems or shortness of breath.
• Tiredness.
• Body or muscle aches.
• Headaches.
• Painful throat.
• Runny or congested nose.
• Loss of smell or taste.
• Sickness or vomiting.
• Diarrhoea.

Two to 14 days after virus contact, symptoms could start to show up. Similar symptoms exist in children; however, they are typically less severe than in adults. A more significant Covid-19 consequence is more likely in older folks and those with serious underlying medical issues.

Lockdown

While government orders to stay at home undoubtedly have an impact on many different business types, particularly those that offer in-person services (such as retail stores, restaurants, hotels, amusement parks and museums, medical centres, salons, parlours, and spas), other pressures also exert pressure on those companies. In the United States, people started altering their spending habits 10-20 days earlier their local authorities issued stay-at-home orders. By May, however, smartphone data showed that changes in people's mobility rates did not always correspond to changes in local regulations.

Effect on Economy

Wide-ranging economic effects of the Covid-19 pandemic include

• The Covid-19 recession, the second-largest global recession in recent history,
• Decreased services sector activity during the Covid-19 lockdowns,
• Thr2020 stock market crash, which featured the largest weekly stock market decline since the financial crisis of 2007-2008, the COVID-19's impact on financial markets,
• The 2021-2022 global supply chain crisis and the 2021-2022 inflation. Governments responded by giving unprecedented levels of stimulus.
• The pandemic also contributed to the world energy crisis of 2021-2022 and the food crisis of 2022.
• The year 2022 saw a sharp rise in food costs and a global lack of food supply.

Compounding geopolitical, economic, and ecological factors, such as the high heat, flooding, and drought brought on by climate change, contributed to the crises that were intensifying in various regions of the world. These crises came after the Covid-19 pandemic's food security and financial crises.

The economic effects of the pandemic are anticipated to increase child marriage and sexual exploitation, making women and girls in refugee situations and weak economies particularly susceptible.

Access to food in the most disadvantaged nations may be seriously jeopardised by the probable combined effects of Covid-19 on unemployment, household purchasing power, food costs, and food supply in local markets.

Economic Effect In India

The Indian economy shrank by 7.3% in the April-June quarter of this fiscal year, according to official figures released by the ministry of statistics and programme implementation. Since the ministry began compiling quarterly GDP statistics in 1996, this is the greatest decline that has ever been recorded. Following the implementation of the lockdown, approximately 10 million migrant labourers returned to their home countries in 2020. The fact that neither the state administration nor the federal government had any information about the migrant workers who lost their jobs and their lives during the lockdown, however, was shocking.

The government did more than merely establish a digitised, centralised database system for migrant workers who returned to their home countries during the second wave of the corona. Existing weaknesses in the Indian economy have been forcibly revealed and made worse by the second wave of Covid-19. The $2.9 trillion Indian economy is still closed throughout the shutdown, with the exception of a few necessary services and activities.

The lockdown had a severe effect on slowing down the economy as stores, restaurants, factories, transportation services, and business premises were closed. The global pandemic has disproportionately affected the unorganised segments of the economy. If the informal sectors are taken into account, the GDP reduction in India from April to June may have exceeded 8%. The two main drivers of India's economic growth are private consumption and investments. Except for agriculture, all of the major economic sectors were severely impacted.

Before the second wave even arrived, the Indian economy was in trouble. Covid-19 has highlighted and exacerbated already-existing disparities in the Indian economy, especially when combined with the humanitarian catastrophe and the government's silence. A recession is unavoidable as the economy will continue to decline during the ensuing four quarters. Everyone is in agreement that the Indian economy would shrink for the entire year. According to studies by the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy, unemployment rates rose sharply during the April-June 2021 quarter, from 7.9 per cent to 12 per cent.

Vaccines

The structure and operation of coronaviruses that cause diseases like the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) were well understood before the Covid-19 pandemic (MERS). This information sped up the creation of various vaccination platforms in the first half of 2020. The main goal of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations was to prevent symptomatic illness, which is frequent and very serious. The genetic sequence data for SARS-CoV-2 was made available through GISAID on January 10, 2020, and by March 19, 2020, the global pharmaceutical industry had made a significant commitment to combat Covid-19. Through emergency use authorisation, the first COVID-19 vaccinations were created and made accessible to the general population in 2020.

With the Janssen Covid-19 vaccine being the lone exception, the majority of Covid-19 vaccinations were initially two-dose vaccines. However, it has been discovered that vaccine immunity wanes with time, necessitating booster doses of the vaccine in order to retain immunity against Covid-19.

The Covid-19 vaccinations are largely recognised for helping to stop the disease's spread as well as its severity and fatality rates. In 185 nations and territories between December 8, 2020, and December 8, 2021, Covid-19 immunisations averted an estimated 14.4 to 19.8 million deaths, as per a June 2022 study that was published in The Lancet.

Many nations adopted staggered distribution strategies that gave priority to individuals who were most vulnerable to problems, such as the elderly, and to exposure and transmission risks, like healthcare personnel.

The discomfort, redness, rashes, inflammation at the injection site, weariness, headache, chronic fatigue, and arthralgia (joint and muscle pain) are common adverse effects of Covid-19 vaccinations. These side effects usually go away on their own in a few days. The risk of side effects from Covid-19 vaccinations is not heightened during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Young women's menstrual cycles have been found to vary temporarily; however, these changes are "minor compared with natural fluctuation and swiftly reverse." Allergic responses are a serious adverse event linked to the Covid-19 vaccine that is typically rare but of great public importance.