Deadlock Detection in Distributed SystemsIn this article, you will learn about deadlock detection in the distributed system with its approaches, handling strategies, issues, and resolution. What is Distributed Deadlock?Distributed deadlocks can occur when distributed transactions or concurrency control are utilized in distributed systems. It may be identified via a distributed technique like edge chasing or by creating a global wait-for graph (WFG) from local wait-for graphs at a deadlock detector. Phantom deadlocks are identified in a distributed system but do not exist due to internal system delays. In a distributed system, deadlock cannot be prevented nor avoided because the system is too vast. As a result, only deadlock detection is possible. The following are required for distributed system deadlock detection techniques: 1. Progress The method may detect all the deadlocks in the system. 2. Safety The approach must be capable of detecting all system deadlocks. Approaches to detect deadlock in the distributed systemVarious approaches to detect the deadlock in the distributed system are as follows: 1. Centralized Approach Only one resource is responsible for detecting deadlock in the centralized method, and it is simple and easy to use. Still, the disadvantages include excessive workload on a single node and single-point failure (i.e., the entire system is dependent on one node, and if that node fails, the entire system crashes), making the system less reliable. 2. Hierarchical Approach In a distributed system, it is the integration of both centralized and distributed approaches to deadlock detection. In this strategy, a single node handles a set of selected nodes or clusters of nodes that are in charge of deadlock detection. 3. Distributed Approach In the distributed technique, various nodes work to detect deadlocks. There is no single point of failure as the workload is equally spread among all nodes. It also helps to increase the speed of deadlock detection. Deadlock Handling StrategiesVarious deadlock handling strategies in the distributed system are as follows:
Issues of Deadlock DetectionVarious issues of deadlock detection in the distributed system are as follows:
Resolution of Deadlock DetectionVarious resolutions of deadlock detection in the distributed system are as follows:
Deadlock detection algorithms in Distributed SystemVarious deadlock detection algorithms in the distributed system are as follows:
Path-Pushing AlgorithmsPath-pushing algorithms detect distributed deadlocks by keeping an explicit global WFG. The main concept is to create a global WFG for each distributed system site. When a site in this class of algorithms performs a deadlock computation, it sends its local WFG to all neighboring sites. The term path-pushing algorithm was led to feature the sending around the paths of global WFG. Edge-Chasing AlgorithmsAn edge-chasing method verifies a cycle in a distributed graph structure by sending special messages called probes along the graph's edges. These probing messages are distinct from request and response messages. If a site receives the matching probe that it previously transmitted, it can cancel the formation of the cycle. Diffusing Computations Based AlgorithmsIn this algorithm, deadlock detection computation is diffused over the system's WFG. These techniques use echo algorithms to detect deadlocks, and the underlying distributed computation is superimposed on this computation. If this computation fails, the initiator reports a deadlock global state detection. Global State Detection Based AlgorithmsDeadlock detection algorithms based on global state detection take advantage of the following facts:
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