Disk Scheduling Algorithms in OS (Operating System)

As we know, a process needs two type of time, CPU time and IO time. For I/O, it requests the Operating system to access the disk.

However, the operating system must be fare enough to satisfy each request and at the same time, operating system must maintain the efficiency and speed of process execution.

The technique that operating system uses to determine the request which is to be satisfied next is called disk scheduling.

Let's discuss some important terms related to disk scheduling.

Seek Time

Seek time is the time taken in locating the disk arm to a specified track where the read/write request will be satisfied.

Rotational Latency

It is the time taken by the desired sector to rotate itself to the position from where it can access the R/W heads.

Transfer Time

It is the time taken to transfer the data.

Disk Access Time

Disk access time is given as,

Disk Access Time = Rotational Latency + Seek Time + Transfer Time

Disk Response Time

It is the average of time spent by each request waiting for the IO operation.

Purpose of Disk Scheduling

The main purpose of disk scheduling algorithm is to select a disk request from the queue of IO requests and decide the schedule when this request will be processed.

Goal of Disk Scheduling Algorithm

Fairness
High throughout
Minimal traveling head time

Disk Scheduling Algorithms

The list of various disks scheduling algorithm is given below. Each algorithm is carrying some advantages and disadvantages. The limitation of each algorithm leads to the evolution of a new algorithm.