Automate Software Testing with Python

The process of discovering faults in a created product is known as software testing. Additionally, it assesses if the actual outcomes correspond to the outcomes expected and aids in the identification of errors, needs that are lacking, or gaps. The final step before a product is made available on the market is testing. It involves looking at, studying, observing, and judging a variety of product components. Software testers in the industry combine human and automated testing methods. After running the tests, the testers inform the development team of the results. Software testing is essential since the end goal is to give the user a high-quality product.

Many entrepreneurs neglect to test their products. They may claim that their financial constraints are to blame for skipping this crucial phase. They believe it will have little impact. It must, however, be excellent in order to establish a robust and favorable initial impression. And this necessitates thorough bug testing of the product.

Enhance Product Quality

Only when the product supplied is perfect can a company provide value to its clients. And, in order to accomplish so, businesses must ensure that users have no problems when utilizing their products. Making your goods bug-free is the foolproof approach to achieving it.

Before delivering a product, companies must focus on testing apps and fixing any flaws that are discovered during testing. The quality of the output improves when the team fixes issues before the product reaches the consumer.

Improve Security

Customers are bound to divulge some type of personal information when they utilize the product. Before the program is deployed, security testing is required to prevent hackers from gaining access to this information. When a company follows a thorough testing procedure, it assures a safe product, which helps customers feel comfortable while using it.
Payment information is required by banking apps and e-commerce stores, for example. It can result in enormous financial loss if the developers do not repair security-related flaws.
The other aspect of security is preventing data loss. People nowadays frequently save data on cloud storage. Your photographs and files are presumably also stored on iCloud or Google Drive.
What if anything goes wrong and all your data is lost? Isn't this one of your worst nightmares? A product's security ensures that data is not only protected against hackers but also that it is not lost or damaged.

Customers no longer work exclusively on large desktop computers. Testing a product's device compatibility is essential in today's mobile-first world. Consider the case where your company created a website. The tester must see if the webpage works on various device resolutions. It should also be compatible with a variety of browsers. The growing number of browser alternatives is another reason why testing is becoming increasingly important. What works with Chrome may not be compatible with Safari or Internet Explorer. This necessitates cross-browser testing, which involves validating the application's interoperability across many browsers.

Classifications of Software Testing:

Software testing is a broad term that encompasses a variety of activities. Instead, it occurs in a variety of forms that may be classified based on a number of factors. You can divide testing into manual and automated categories, for example. When it comes to automated testing, you may choose between code-based and code-free ways, as well as hybrid approaches that combine the best of both worlds. Tests may also be classified based on how much information they have about the system under the test's internal implementation. We may divide tests into three categories based on this criterion: white-box, black-box, and grey-box. Finally, we may divide tests into functional and non-functional categories based on whether they confirm the application's business requirements.

Black-box Testing:

You have the least amount of knowledge about how the product is developed in this sort of testing. You have no knowledge of the product's structure, coding, or logic. You would utilize the product as if you were a customer. Black-box testing is used for functional testing since you have the same amount of knowledge as your consumer. Only after the code is run can this form of testing take place. As a result, dynamic testing is employed. Dynamic testing is a sort of testing in which you must run the code and test the product while it is running. It's largely done to see how it'll work once it's up and running, as well as how the user will react to it.

Grey-box Testing:

In this sort of testing, you only have a limited understanding of the product. This form of testing is useful for detecting issues that the user would be unaware of.

To give you an example, suppose you created an element with a blue shade but it really has a green shade. The user would be unaware that there is a flaw since they would believe that is as it should be. However, your limited understanding of the product will aid you in detecting such flaws.

Gorilla Testing:

Gorilla testing is a method of software testing in which a module is repeatedly tested using a variety of random inputs to ensure that it is error-free. Only a few selected modules of the system are submitted to testing with the purpose of evaluating whether or not the module is operating properly. This form of testing is done manually and frequently. Torture testing, fault tolerance testing, and unpleasant testing are all terms used to describe Gorilla testing.

Now that you know what testing is all about, it's time to learn how to carry out software testing.

Planning: An operation always starts with planning. You compile all the relevant product details in this phase. You create a list of tasks that need to be tested first. If you are testing after a bug fix, you should be aware of what the problem was and what the ideal behavior is. The issue of prioritizing your to-do list is another. The division of tasks during this stage can also be done when the entire team is involved.
Preparation: After you've figured out what you need to accomplish, you'll need to lay the groundwork for testing. Preparing the test environment, gathering test cases, and studying product features and test cases are all part of this process. Gathering and familiarising yourself with testing tools and methodologies should also be done here.
Execution: This is when you truly put the thing through its paces. You run test scenarios and record the outcomes. The findings are then compared to the intended outcome to evaluate if the product is performing as expected. You keep track of all successful and unsuccessful tests and test cases.
Reporting: This is the final stage of software testing when you must document all of your results and send them to the appropriate individuals. The failures of test cases are of particular importance in this scenario. There should be a proper and clear description of the tests that were done and the results that were obtained. Steps to replicate the mistake, screenshots, and any other relevant information should be included in more sophisticated tests.

Benefits of Software testing:

Cost-Effective: It is one of the most significant benefits of software testing. Any IT project that is tested on time enables you to save money in the long run. It is less expensive to correct issues discovered early in the software testing process.
Security: It is software testing's most fragile and sensitive advantage. People are seeking items that they can trust. It aids in the early detection of hazards and issues. Another important reason why software testing should be avoided is because of this. It is said to be the most fragile and sensitive area of the body. There are a variety of instances in which users' information and details are taken and utilized for personal gain. It is said to be the reason why customers seek things that have been thoroughly examined and proven to be dependable. As a product undergoes testing, the user may be confident that they will obtain a trustworthy product. The user's personal information is protected. With the help of software testing, users may acquire goods that are free of vulnerabilities.
Product quality: It is a prerequisite for any software product. Testing guarantees that buyers receive a high-quality product.
Customer Satisfaction: Any product's primary goal is to provide client happiness. The optimal user experience is ensured via UI/UX testing. The fundamental goal of the product owner is to provide the highest level of customer satisfaction. The importance of software testing may be attributed to the fact that it provides the required and ideal user experience. You will be able to establish the reputation of dependable clients if you choose the ideal project in a crowded market. As a result, choosing software testing will provide you with long-term benefits. Earning a client's trust is no easy feat, especially if the product is proven to be malfunctioning at all times. You've probably tried a lot of items and had a number of bad experiences as a result of which you may have removed the app. In today's market, the market is extremely saturated. The initial impression is really crucial, and if you fail to make one, people will look for another product that meets all of their needs.

Now let us have a look at the code of one of the examples of automation of the software testing in the python programming language.

Code:

#A sample python code to automate the testing of the sample class having basic functionalities of to perform the mathematical operations on the specified operands of that particular function.

# All the required modules which are required across the program are included at the beginning of the code.
import unittest
import sys

A class is written which has different functions to perform the different mathematical operations depending upon the input provided the mathematical operation is performed on the two operands which are taken as input for each function,  the class which is written below is the child class of the test case class from the unit test module,  with the help of this parenting test case class we were able to use various inbuilt functions of the test case class which help us to write various test case function to test the mathematical results which are calculated by the various function written inside this class 
class BasicMathOperationsTesting(the unit test.TestCase):
#Constructor is written which can be used to initialize the various class variable that is required to use throughout this class a variable that is declared inside the constructor of a class can be used across the scope of that particular class 
	def __init__(self):
		pass


# A function is written  in which the user is asked for two numbers on which the addition operation is performed,  once the user provides the two numbers on which the addition operation is need to perform,  that particular operation is performed on the provided two numbers and the result of that operation is stored in a resultant variable  and that resultant variable is returned as the return value of this function,  and then this return value can be used in various test function which will validate or test the particular operation performed by this function is correct or not by using various inbuilt methods of the test case class 
	def perform_addition(self):
		operation_name = "addition"
		print("Enter the first number for {} operation".format(operation_name))
		num_1 = int(input())
		print("Enter the second number for {} operation".format(operation_name))
		num_2 = int(input())

		resultant = num_1 + num_2
		return resultant

# A function is written  in which the user is asked for two numbers on which the subtraction operation is performed,  once the user provides the two numbers on which the subtraction  operation is need to perform,  that particular operation is performed on the provided two numbers and the result of that operation is stored in a resultant variable  and that resultant variable is returned as the return value of this function,  and then this return value can be used in various test function which will validate or test the particular operation performed by this function is correct or not by using various inbuilt methods of the test case class 
	def perform_subtraction(self):
		operation_name = "subtraction"
		print("Enter the first number for {} operation".format(operation_name))
		num_1 = int(input())
		print("Enter the second number for {} operation".format(operation_name))
		num_2 = int(input())

		resultant = num_1 - num_2
		return resultant
# A function is written  in which the user is asked for two numbers on which the multiplication operation is performed,  once the user provides the two numbers on which the multiplication  operation is needed to perform,  that particular operation is performed on the provided two numbers and the result of that operation is stored in a resultant variable  and that resultant variable is returned as the return value of this function,  and then this return value can be used in various test function which will validate or test the particular operation performed by this function is correct or not by using various inbuilt methods of the test case class

	def perform_multiplication(self):
		operation_name = "multiplication"
		print("Enter the first number for {} operation".format(operation_name))
		num_1 = int(input())
		print("Enter the second number for {} operation".format(operation_name))
		num_2 = int(input())

		resultant = num_1 + num_2
		return resultant

# A function is written  in which the user is asked for two numbers on which the division operation is performed,  once the user provides the two numbers on which the division  operation is needed to perform,  that particular operation is performed on the provided two numbers and the result of that operation is stored in a resultant variable  and that resultant variable is returned as the return value of this function,  and then this return value can be used in various test function which will validate or test the particular operation performed by this function is correct or not by using various inbuilt methods of the test case class
	def perform_division(self):
		operation_name = "division"
		print("Enter the first number for {} operation".format(operation_name))
		num_1 = int(input())
		print("Enter the second number for {} operation".format(operation_name))
		num_2 = int(input())

		resultant = num_1 / num_2
		return resultant

# This is a test function which is written for testing the assert equal values which means  this test case will be fast if the two values which are passed as parameters to this function  are equal,  so we have used this assert equal functions to test the various mathematical operations which are performed using the various function which is written above so, for example, let's say perform the addition operation of two variables which are passed as a parameter to that function so to verify that the addition operation performed that particular function is correct or not is then with the help of this function in which first parameter we passed as the actual value will be the value which  is the value which is calculated by the function which is written above and the expected value is the value which is expected to be matched with this function so so if both of these values matches then they assert equal test case will be passed on the other hand if the both of these values are not equal then the assert equal test case will fail 
	def the unit test_for_assert_equals(self,actual_value,expected_value):

		actual_value_for_equals = actual_value
		expected_value_for_equals = expected_value
		self.assertEqual(actual_value_for_equals,expected_value_for_equals)


# This is another unit test case which we have written named assert true that means this function will return require a Boolean value and depending upon the value of the that boolean variable the nature of the resultant test case is dertemined so in this function we are using the assert false functionality of the unit test case class to test the actual and expected output of a mathematical operations so we are passing the oeprand one as the actual value by actual value we mean the value which is actually calculated by the any of the above written mathematical operation let's say multiplication so the resultant of the multiplication function is passed as the first operand to this function and the second operand which is passed to this function is the expected value or which is meant to be the actual output of that function and both of these operations are compared and stored into a variable since the comparison is done on two operands return type is a Boolean value show the variable storing those values will be a Boolean variable and that Boolean variable will be passed to the assert false function if that  Boolean variable is having the true value then the test function will be passed on the other hand if the value is fasle the assert true unit test case will be failed
	def the unit test_for_assert_true(self,operand1,operand2):

		boolean_resultant = operand1 == operand2
		self.assertTrue(boolean_resultant)



# This is another unit test case which we have written named assert false that means this function will return require a Boolean value and depending upon the value of the that boolean variable the nature of the resultant test case is dertemined so in this function we are using the assert false functionality of the unit test case class to test the actual and expected output of a mathematical operations so we are passing the oeprand one as the actual value by actual value we mean the value which is actually calculated by the any of the above written mathematical operation let's say multiplication so the resultant of the multiplication function is passed as the first operand to this function and the second operand which is passed to this function is the expected value or which is meant to be the actual output of that function and both of these operations are compared and stored into a variable since the comparison is done on two operands return type is a Boolean value show the variable storing those values will be a Boolean variable and that Boolean variable will be passed to the assert false function if that  Boolean variable is having the fasle value then the test function will be passed on the other hand if the value is true the assert fasle unit test case will be failed
	def the unit test_for_assert_false(self,operand1,operand2):

		boolean_resultant = operand1 != operand2
		self.assertFalse(boolean_resultant)




#  In The End the main function is written,  which has the object of the above-written class Which is used to call all the methods which are written inside the class. the user is provided with the list of menus from which he has to select the mathematical operation which he performs on the two inputs which are going he is going to provide after selecting the appropriate mathematical operation the result of that mathematical operation is presented to the user and another menu is printed from which the type of unit test which needs to be Run on that obtained result is  shown,  on selecting the appropriate unit test which will run on the result of the mathematical operation that particular test case is Run and depending upon the unit test which is selected by the user appropriate message is shown,  that means if the test case is passed it is shown that that particular test case has been passed successfully on the other hand if the test case is failed due to some exception or error that has been encountered during the execution of that particular unit test case,  then that particular exception or error message is printed to the user and which line has caused that an exception message is also presented to the user this helps in the debugging so that user can understand by which particular line of code that particular unit test is failing this printing of the menu is done in a recursive manner until the user exits the code execution by selecting the last option which is to exit the code execution. 
def main():
    
    run_the unit test =  BasicMathOperationsTesting()
    
    while(True):
    	
    	# from the listed below the list of operations select any one of the operations
        print("Select any of the mathematical operations which are listed below:")
        print("1. To perform the addition operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.")
        print("2. To perform the subtraction operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.")
        print("3. To perform the multiplication operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.")
        print("4. To perform the division operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.")
        print("5. To exit from the code execution.")
        
        menu_choice = input()
        menu_choice = int(menu_choice)
 
        if menu_choice == 1:
            result = run_the unit test.perform_addition()
        elif menu_choice == 2:
            result = run_the unit test.perform_subtraction()
        elif menu_choice == 3:
            result = run_the unit test.perform_multiplication()
        elif menu_choice == 4:
        	result = run_the unit test.perform_division()
        elif menu_choice == 5:
            sys.exit()
        
        print("Select any of the unit tests to perform which are listed below:")
        print("1. To perform the assertEqual the unit test on the above done mathematical operation.")
        print("2. To perform the assertTrue the unit test on the above done mathematical operation.")
        print("3. To perform the assertFalse the unit test on the above done mathematical operation.")
        	
        menu_choice_for_unitttest = input()
        menu_choice_for_unitttest = int(menu_choice_for_unitttest)

        if menu_choice_for_unitttest == 1:
        	print("Expected value for test to pass:")
        	expected_value = int(input())
        	run_the unit test.the unit test_for_assert_equals(result,expected_value)
		elif menu_choice_for_unitttest == 2:
        	print("Expected value for test to pass:")
        	expected_value = int(input())
        	run_the unit test.the unit test_for_assert_true(result,expected_value)
		elif menu_choice_for_unitttest == 3:
        	print("Expected value for test to pass:")
        	expected_value = int(input())
        	run_the unit test.the unit test_for_assert_false(result,expected_value)


        print("To go on with the code getting executed, enter input [y] or [n]")
        continue_or_exit = input()
 
        if continue_or_exit == 'y' or continue_or_exit == 'Y':
            pass
        elif continue_or_exit == 'n' or continue_or_exit == 'N':
            sys.exit()
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Output:

Select any of the mathematical operations which are listed below:
1. To perform the addition operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
2. To perform the subtraction operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
3. To perform the multiplication operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
4. To perform the division operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
5. To exit from the code execution.
1
Enter the first number for the addition operation
99
Enter the second number for the addition operation
578
Select any of the unit tests to perform which are listed below:
1. To perform the assertEqual the unit test on the above done mathematical operation.
2. To perform the assertTrue the unit test on the above done mathematical operation.
3. To perform the assertFalse the unit test on the above done mathematical operation.
1
The expected value for the test to pass:
677
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.000s

OK
To go on with the code getting executed, enter input [y] or [n]
y
Select any of the mathematical operations which are listed below:
1. To perform the addition operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
2. To perform the subtraction operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
3. To perform the multiplication operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
4. To perform the division operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
5. To exit from the code execution.
1
Enter the first number for the addition operation
100
Enter the second number for the addition operation
544
Select any of the unit tests to perform which are listed below:
1. To perform the assertEqual the unit test on the above done mathematical operation.
2. To perform the assertTrue the unit test on the above done mathematical operation.
3. To perform the assertFalse the unit test on the above done mathematical operation.
1
The expected value for the test to pass:
647

self.assertEqual(actual_value_for_equals,expected_value_for_equals)
AssertionError: 647 != 677
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.001s

FAILED (failures=1)

To go on with the code getting executed, enter input [y] or [n]
y
Select any of the mathematical operations which are listed below:
1. To perform the addition operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
2. To perform the subtraction operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
3. To perform the multiplication operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
4. To perform the division operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
5. To exit from the code execution.
2
Enter the first number for the subtraction operation
122
Enter the second number for the subtraction operation
22
Select any of the unit tests to perform which are listed below:
1. To perform the assertEqual the unit test on the above done mathematical operation.
2. To perform the assertTrue the unit test on the above mathematical operation.
3. To perform the assertFalse the unit test on the above done mathematical operation.
2
The expected value for the test to pass:
100
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.000s

OK
To go on with the code getting executed, enter input [y] or [n]
y
Select any of the mathematical operations which are listed below:
1. To perform the addition operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
2. To perform the subtraction operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
3. To perform the multiplication operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
4. To perform the division operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
5. To exit from the code execution.
2
Enter the first number for the subtraction operation
255
Enter the second number for the subtraction operation
50
Select any of the unit tests to perform which are listed below:
1. To perform the assertEqual the unit test on the above done mathematical operation.
2. To perform the assertTrue the unit test on the above done mathematical operation.
3. To perform the assertFalse the unit test on the above done mathematical operation.
2
The expected value for the test to pass:
200

self.assertTrue(boolean_resultant)
AssertionError: False
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.001s

FAILED (failures=1)

To go on with the code getting executed, enter input [y] or [n]
y
Select any of the mathematical operations which are listed below:
1. To perform the addition operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
2. To perform the subtraction operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
3. To perform the multiplication operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
4. To perform the division operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
5. To exit from the code execution.
3
Enter the first number for the multiplication operation
100
Enter the second number for the multiplication operation
2
Select any of the unit tests to perform which are listed below:
1. To perform the assertEqual the unit test on the above done mathematical operation.
2. To perform the assertTrue the unit test on the above done mathematical operation.
3. To perform the assertFalse the unit test on the above done mathematical operation.
2
The expected value for the test to pass:
200
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.000s

To go on with the code getting executed, enter input [y] or [n]
y
Select any of the mathematical operations which are listed below:
1. To perform the addition operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
2. To perform the subtraction operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
3. To perform the multiplication operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
4. To perform the division operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
5. To exit from the code execution.
3
Enter the first number for the multiplication operation
122
Enter the second number for the multiplication operation
654
Select any of the unit tests to perform which are listed below:
1. To perform the assertEqual the unit test on the above done mathematical operation.
2. To perform the assertTrue the unit test on the above done mathematical operation.
3. To perform the assertFalse the unit test on the above done mathematical operation.
2
The expected value for the test to pass:
55412

self.assertTrue(boolean_resultant)
AssertionError: False
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.001s

FAILED (failures=1)

To go on with the code getting executed, enter input [y] or [n]
y
Select any of the mathematical operations which are listed below:
1. To perform the addition operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
2. To perform the subtraction operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
3. To perform the multiplication operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
4. To perform the division operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
5. To exit from the code execution.
4
Enter the first number for division operation
55
Enter the second number for division operation
5
Select any of the unit tests to perform which are listed below:
1. To perform the assertEqual the unit test on the above done mathematical operation.
2. To perform the assertTrue the unit test on the above done mathematical operation.
3. To perform the assertFalse the unit test on the above done mathematical operation.
3
The expected value for a test to pass:
12

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.000s

OK
To go on with the code getting executed, enter input [y] or [n]
y
Select any of the mathematical operations which are listed below:
1. To perform the addition operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
2. To perform the subtraction operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
3. To perform the multiplication operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
4. To perform the division operation and then perform the unit test on the result obtained.
5. To exit from the code execution.
4
Enter the first number for division operation
100
Enter the second number for division operation
10
Select any of the unit tests to perform which are listed below:
1. To perform the assertEqual the unit test on the above done mathematical operation.
2. To perform the assertTrue the unit test on the above done mathematical operation.
3. To perform the assertFalse the unit test on the above done mathematical operation.
3
The expected value for the test to pass:
10

self.assertFalse(boolean_resultant)
AssertionError: False
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.001s

FAILED (failures=1)

In the above written code, the main function is written, which has the object of the above-written class Which is used to call all the methods which are written inside the class. the user is provided with the list of menus from which he has to select the mathematical operation which he performs on the two inputs which are going he is going to provide after selecting the appropriate mathematical operation the result of that mathematical operation is presented to the user and another menu is printed from which the type of unit test which needs to be Run on that obtained result is shown, on selecting the appropriate unit test which will run on the result of the mathematical operation that particular test case is Run and depending upon the unit test which is selected by the user appropriate message is shown, that means if the test case is passed it is shown that that particular test case has been passed successfully on the other hand if the test case is failed due to some exception or error that has been encountered during the execution of that particular unit test case, then that particular exception or error message is printed to the user and which line has caused that an exception message is also presented to the user this helps in the debugging so that user can understand by which particular line of code that particular unit test is failing this printing of the menu is done in a recursive manner until the user exits the code execution by selecting the last option which is to exit the code execution.

Conclusion:

So in this article, we have seen how we can use some in which libraries of the python to automate the software testing process, this helps us in quickly running our test cases which helps us to analyze the quality of the code which we have written and does that particular piece of code is catering to the exact requirement for which this code is written. Apart from these, there are also many libraries that can be used to automate the whole software testing process will talk about them in some other articles.

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