Python Tutorial

A derangement of an arranged grouping is a stage of its components in combinatorial science wherein none of the components show up in their underlying positions. On account of a succession like [1, 2, 3, 4], for example, an insanity of this grouping would be [2, 1, 4, 3] since no component is in its underlying position.

Uses of disturbances in math, software engineering, and cryptography are captivating. Finding the most reduced insanity in a given grouping is a common issue. Here, we'll take a gander at how to utilize Python to decide a succession's littlest insanity.

Input:

def generate_derangement(N):
	
	# Generate the required Sequence P
	P = [0] * (N + 1)
	for i in range(1, N + 1):
		P[i] = i

	# Generate Derangement
	D = [0] * (N + 1)
	for i in range(1, N + 1, 2):
		if i == N:

			# Only if i is odd
			# Swap P[N-1] and P[N]
			D[N] = P[N - 1]
			D[N - 1] = P[N]
		else:
			D[i] = i + 1
			D[i + 1] = i

	# Print the required Derangement
	for i in range(1, N + 1):
		print(D[i], end = " ")
	print()

# The Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':
	generate_derangement(8)

Output:

2 1 4 3 6 5 8 7

Explanation:

def generate_derangement(N):
    P = [0] * (N + 1)
    for i in range(1, N + 1):
        P[i] = i

In the primary part of the code, we outline a function generate_derangement that takes an integer N as enter. This function is answerable for producing the smallest derangement of a chain of integers from 1 to N.

We start via initializing an empty list P of length (N + 1) to represent the sequence. We use a loop to populate P with integers from 1 to N, correctly creating a sequence of integers.

       D = [0] * (N + 1)
    for i in range(1, N + 1, 2):

Next, we initialize some other empty listing D of the identical length as P to represent the derangement. The derangement may be constructed based on the sequence P.

We then enter a loop that iterates from 1 to N with a step of 2. This loop is used to assemble the derangement through swapping adjoining factors in P to make sure that no detail appears in its original function.

        if i == N:
            D[N] = P[N - 1]
            D[N - 1] = P[N]
        else:
            D[i] = i + 1
            D[i + 1] = i

Inside the loop,the two cases were present

If i is equal to N, it means that we're processing the remaining element. In this case, we switch the final two factors of P to ensure that the final element isn't in its unique role. We do that by assigning the values of P[N - 1] to D[N] and P[N] to D[N - 1].
If i isn't equal to N, we swap the current detail at index i with the following detail at index i + 1. This guarantees that each one element except the last one are not in their original positions.

    for i in range(1, N + 1):
        print(D[i], end=" ")
    print()

Finally, we iterate through the D listing and print the elements of the derangement, separated by means of areas.

The if __name__ == '__main__': block on the end of the code is used to execute the generate_derangement characteristic while the script is administered as the main program. In this case, it generates the smallest derangement for N = 8 and prints it.

In order to move the least significant elements (minimum index locations) into more significant positions, we shall use a min-heap. We shall carry out this algorithm while preserving the derangement property.

We will use the supplied sorted_sequence as the parameter when calling the function. We will obtain the smallest derangement sequence list, which does not share any elements with the sorted_sequence list, as our output.

Input:

def smallest_derangement_sequence(sorted_sequence):
    length = len(sorted_sequence)
    derangement_sequence = [-1] * length
    min_heap = copy.deepcopy(sorted_sequence)

    for i in range(length):
        min_heap.sort() # used for heapifying min heap
        first_min = min_heap[0] # stores first minimum value of heap

        if first_min != sorted_sequence[i] or len(min_heap) == 1:
            derangement_sequence[i] = first_min
            del min_heap[0] # removing first minimum
        else:
            second_min = min_heap[1] # stores second minimum value of heap 
            derangement_sequence[i] = second_min
            del min_heap[1] # removing second minimum

    if derangement_sequence[length - 1] == sorted_sequence[length - 1] and length >= 2:
        temp = derangement_sequence[length - 2]
        derangement_sequence[length - 2] = derangement_sequence[length - 1]
        derangement_sequence[length - 1] = temp
    return derangement_sequence

sorted_sequence = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
print(smallest_derangement_sequence(sorted_sequence))

Output: