Python Operators
The operator is a symbol that performs a certain operation between two operands, according to one definition. In a particular programming language, operators serve as the foundation upon which logic is constructed in a programme. The different operators that Python offers are listed here.
- Arithmetic operators
- Comparison operators
- Assignment Operators
- Logical Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Membership Operators
- Identity Operators
- Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operations between two operands are carried out using arithmetic operators. It includes the exponent (**) operator as well as the + (addition), - (subtraction), * (multiplication), / (divide), % (reminder), and // (floor division) operators.
Consider the following table for a detailed explanation of arithmetic operators.
| Operator |
Description |
| + (Addition) |
It is used to add two operands. For example, if a = 10, b = 10 => a+b = 20 |
| - (Subtraction) |
It is used to subtract the second operand from the first operand. If the first operand is less than the second operand, the value results negative. For example, if a = 20, b = 5 => a - b = 15 |
| / (divide) |
It returns the quotient after dividing the first operand by the second operand. For example, if a = 20, b = 10 => a/b = 2.0 |
| * (Multiplication) |
It is used to multiply one operand with the other. For example, if a = 20, b = 4 => a * b = 80 |
| % (reminder) |
It returns the reminder after dividing the first operand by the second operand. For example, if a = 20, b = 10 => a%b = 0 |
| ** (Exponent) |
As it calculates the first operand's power to the second operand, it is an exponent operator. |
| // (Floor division) |
It provides the quotient's floor value, which is obtained by dividing the two operands. |
Comparison operator
Comparison operators compare the values of the two operands and return a true or false Boolean value in accordance. The following table lists the comparison operators.
| Operator |
Description |
| == |
If the value of two operands is equal, then the condition becomes true. |
| != |
If the value of two operands is not equal, then the condition becomes true. |
| <= |
The condition is met if the first operand is smaller than or equal to the second operand. |
| >= |
The condition is met if the first operand is greater than or equal to the second operand. |
| > |
If the first operand is greater than the second operand, then the condition becomes true. |
| < |
If the first operand is less than the second operand, then the condition becomes true. |
Assignment Operators
The right expression's value is assigned to the left operand using the assignment operators. The following table provides a description of the assignment operators.
| Operator |
Description |
| = |
It assigns the value of the right expression to the left operand. |
| += |
By multiplying the value of the right operand by the value of the left operand, the left operand receives a changed value. For example, if a = 10, b = 20 => a+ = b will be equal to a = a+ b and therefore, a = 30. |
| -= |
It decreases the value of the left operand by the value of the right operand and assigns the modified value back to left operand. For example, if a = 20, b = 10 => a- = b will be equal to a = a- b and therefore, a = 10. |
| *= |
It multiplies the value of the left operand by the value of the right operand and assigns the modified value back to then the left operand. For example, if a = 10, b = 20 => a* = b will be equal to a = a* b and therefore, a = 200. |
| %= |
It divides the value of the left operand by the value of the right operand and assigns the reminder back to the left operand. For example, if a = 20, b = 10 => a % = b will be equal to a = a % b and therefore, a = 0. |
| **= |
a**=b will be equal to a=a**b, for example, if a = 4, b =2, a**=b will assign 4**2 = 16 to a. |
| //= |
A//=b will be equal to a = a// b, for example, if a = 4, b = 3, a//=b will assign 4//3 = 1 to a. |
Bitwise Operators
The two operands' values are processed bit by bit by the bitwise operators. Consider the case below.
For example,
| Operator |
Description |
| & (binary and) |
A 1 is copied to the result if both bits in two operands at the same location are 1. If not, 0 is copied. |
| | (binary or) |
The resulting bit will be 0 if both the bits are zero; otherwise, the resulting bit will be 1. |
| ^ (binary xor) |
If the two bits are different, the outcome bit will be 1, else it will be 0. |
| ~ (negation) |
The operand's bits are calculated as their negations, so if one bit is 0, the next bit will be 1, and vice versa. |
| << (left shift) |
The number of bits in the right operand is multiplied by the leftward shift of the value of the left operand. |
| >> (right shift) |
The left operand is moved right by the number of bits present in the right operand. |
Logical Operators
The assessment of expressions to make decisions typically makes use of the logical operators. The following logical operators are supported by Python.
| Operator |
Description |
| and |
The condition will also be true if the expression is true. If the two expressions a and b are the same, then a and b must both be true. |
| or |
The condition will be true if one of the phrases is true. If a and b are the two expressions, then an or b must be true if and is true and b is false. |
| not |
If an expression a is true, then not (a) will be false and vice versa. |
Membership Operators
The membership of a value inside a Python data structure can be verified using Python membership operators. The result is true if the value is in the data structure; otherwise, it returns false.
| Operator |
Description |
| in |
If the first operand cannot be found in the second operand, it is evaluated to be true (list, tuple, or dictionary). |
| not in |
If the first operand is not present in the second operand, the evaluation is true (list, tuple, or dictionary). |
Identity Operators
| Operator |
Description |
| is |
If the references on both sides point to the same object, it is determined to be true. |
| is not |
If the references on both sides do not point at the same object, it is determined to be true. |
Operator Precedence
The order in which the operators are examined is crucial to understand since it tells us which operator needs to be considered first. Below is a list of the Python operators' precedence tables.
| Operator |
Description |
| ** |
Overall other operators employed in the expression, the exponent operator is given precedence. |
| ~ + - |
the minus, unary plus, and negation. |
| * / % // |
the division of the floor, the modules, the division, and the multiplication. |
| + - |
Binary plus, and minus |
| >> << |
Left shift. and right shift |
| & |
Binary and. |
| ^ | |
Binary xor, and or |
| <= < > >= |
Comparison operators (less than, less than equal to, greater than, greater then equal to). |
| <> == != |
Equality operators. |
= %= /= //= -= +=
*= **= |
Assignment operators |
| is is not |
Identity operators |
| in not in |
Membership operators |
| not or and |
Logical operators |
|
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