Insertion Sort

Insertion sort is the simple sorting algorithm which is commonly used in the daily lives while ordering a deck of cards. In this algorithm, we insert each element onto its proper place in the sorted array. This is less efficient than the other sort algorithms like quick sort, merge sort, etc.

Technique

Consider an array A whose elements are to be sorted. Initially, A[0] is the only element on the sorted set. In pass 1, A[1] is placed at its proper index in the array.

In pass 2, A[2] is placed at its proper index in the array. Likewise, in pass n-1, A[n-1] is placed at its proper index into the array.

To insert an element A[k] to its proper index, we must compare it with all other elements i.e. A[k-1], A[k-2], and so on until we find an element A[j] such that, A[j]<=A[k].

All the elements from A[k-1] to A[j] need to be shifted and A[k] will be moved to A[j+1].

Complexity

Complexity	Best Case	Average Case	Worst Case
Time	Ω(n)	θ(n²)	o(n²)
Space			o(1)

Algorithm

Step 1: Repeat Steps 2 to 5 for K = 1 to N-1
Step 2: SET TEMP = ARR[K]
Step 3: SET J = K - 1
Step 4: Repeat while TEMP <=ARR[J]
SET ARR[J + 1] = ARR[J]
SET J = J - 1
[END OF INNER LOOP]
Step 5: SET ARR[J + 1] = TEMP
[END OF LOOP]
Step 6: EXIT

C Program

#include<stdio.h>
void main ()
{
	int i,j, k,temp;
	int a[10] = { 10, 9, 7, 101, 23, 44, 12, 78, 34, 23}; 
	printf("\nprinting sorted elements...\n");
	for(k=1; k<10; k++) 
	{
		temp = a[k];
		j= k-1;
		while(j>=0 && temp <= a[j])
		{
			a[j+1] = a[j]; 
			j = j-1;
		}
		a[j+1] = temp;
	}
	for(i=0;i<10;i++)
	{
		printf("\n%d\n",a[i]);
	}
}

Output:

Printing Sorted Elements . . . 
7
9
10
12
23
23
34
44
78 
101

C++ Program

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
	int i,j, k,temp;
	int a[10] = { 10, 9, 7, 101, 23, 44, 12, 78, 34, 23}; 
	cout<<"\nprinting sorted elements...\n";
	for(k=1; k<10; k++) 
	{
		temp = a[k];
		j= k-1;
		while(j>=0 && temp <= a[j])
		{
			a[j+1] = a[j]; 
			j = j-1;
		}
		a[j+1] = temp;
	}
	for(i=0;i<10;i++)
	{
		cout <<a[i]<<"\n";
	}
}

Output:

printing sorted elements...
7
9
10
12
23
23
34
44
78
101

Java Program

public class InsertionSort {
public static void main(String[] args) {
	int[] a = {10, 9, 7, 101, 23, 44, 12, 78, 34, 23};
	for(int k=1; k<10; k++) 
	{
		int temp = a[k];
		int j= k-1;
		while(j>=0 && temp <= a[j])
		{
			a[j+1] = a[j]; 
			j = j-1;
		}
		a[j+1] = temp;
	}
	System.out.println("printing sorted elements ...");
	for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
	{
		System.out.println(a[i]);
	}
}
}

Output:

Printing sorted elements . . . 
7
9
10
12
23
23
34
44
78 
101

C# Program

using System;
					
public class Program
{
	
	public static void Main()
	{
		int i,j, k,temp;
		int[] a = { 10, 9, 7, 101, 23, 44, 12, 78, 34, 23}; 
	Console.WriteLine("\nprinting sorted elements...\n");
	for(k=1; k<10; k++) 
	{
		temp = a[k];
		j= k-1;
		while(j>=0 && temp <= a[j])
		{
			a[j+1] = a[j]; 
			j = j-1;
		}
		a[j+1] = temp;
	}
	for(i=0;i<10;i++)
	{
		Console.WriteLine(a[i]);
	}
}
}

Output:

printing sorted elements . . . 
7
9
10
12
23
23
34
44
78 
101

Python Program

a=[10, 9, 7, 101, 23, 44, 12, 78, 34, 23]
for k in range(1,10):
    temp = a[k] 
    j = k-1
    while j>=0 and temp <=a[j]:
        a[j+1]=a[j]
        j = j-1
    a[j+1] = temp 
print("printing sorted elements...")
for i in a:
    print(i)

Output:

printing sorted elements . . . 
7
9
10
12
23
23
34
44
78 
101

Swift Program

import Foundation
import Glibc
	var a = [10, 9, 7, 101, 23, 44, 12, 78, 34, 23]; 
	print("\nprinting sorted elements...\n");
	for k in 1...9
	{
		let temp = a[k];
		var j = k-1;
		while j>=0 && temp <= a[j]
		{
			a[j+1] = a[j]; 
			j = j-1;
		}
		
		a[j+1] = temp;
	}
	for i in a
	{
		print(i);
	} 	

Output:

printing sorted elements...

7
9
10
12
23
23
34
44
78
101

JavaScript Program

<html>
<head>
<title> 
	Insertion Sort 
</title> 
	</head>
	<body> 
		<script> 
				var txt = "<br>";
			var a = [10, 9, 7, 101, 23, 44, 12, 78, 34, 23];
			document.writeln("printing sorted elements ... "+txt);
			for(k=0;k<10;k++)
			{
				var temp = a[k]
				j=k-1;
				while (j>=0 && temp <= a[j])
				{
					a[j+1] = a[j]; 
					j = j-1;
				}
				a[j+1] = temp;
			}
		
			for(i=0;i<10;i++)
			{
				document.writeln(a[i]);
				document.writeln(txt);
			}
		</script> 
	</body>
</html>

Output:

printing sorted elements ...
7
9
10
12
23
23
34
44
78
101

PHP Program

<html>
<head>
<title>Insertion Sort</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
 $a = array(10, 9, 7, 101, 23, 44, 12, 78, 34, 23);
			echo("printing sorted elements ... \n");
			for($k=0;$k<10;$k++)
			{
				$temp = $a[$k];
				$j=$k-1;
				while ($j>=0 && $temp <= $a[$j])
				{
					$a[$j+1] = $a[$j]; 
					$j = $j-1;
				}
				$a[$j+1] = $temp;
			}
			for($i=0;$i<10;$i++)
			{
				echo $a[$i];
				echo "\n";
			}
?>
</body>
</html>

Output:

printing sorted elements ...
7
9
10
12
23
23
34
44
78
101

Next TopicMerge Sort

← prev next →

Help Others, Please Share

Learn Latest Tutorials

Openpyxl

Tally

Godot

Spring Boot

Gradle

UML

ANN

ES6

Flutter

Selenium Py

Firebase

Cobol

Preparation

Aptitude

Reasoning

Verbal A.

Interview

Company

Trending Technologies

AWS

Selenium

Cloud

Hadoop

ReactJS

D. Science

Angular 7

Blockchain

Git

DevOps

B.Tech / MCA

DBMS

DAA

C. Network

Compiler D.

COA

D. Math.

E. Hacking

C. Graphics

Software E.

Web Tech.

Cyber Sec.

Automata

C++

Java

.Net

Python

Programs

Control S.

Data Mining

Javatpoint Services

JavaTpoint offers too many high quality services. Mail us on hr@javatpoint.com, to get more information about given services.

Website Designing
Website Development
Java Development
PHP Development
WordPress
Graphic Designing
Logo
Digital Marketing
On Page and Off Page SEO
PPC
Content Development
Corporate Training
Classroom and Online Training
Data Entry

Training For College Campus

JavaTpoint offers college campus training on Core Java, Advance Java, .Net, Android, Hadoop, PHP, Web Technology and Python. Please mail your requirement at hr@javatpoint.com.
Duration: 1 week to 2 week

^{Like/Subscribe us for latest updates or newsletter}

DS Tutorial

DS Array

DS Linked List

DS Stack

DS Queue

DS Tree

DS Graph

DS Searching

DS Sorting

Insertion Sort

Technique

Complexity

Algorithm

C Program

C++ Program

Java Program

C# Program

Python Program

Swift Program

JavaScript Program

PHP Program

Help Others, Please Share

Learn Latest Tutorials

Preparation

Trending Technologies

B.Tech / MCA

Javatpoint Services

Training For College Campus