Acid Definition ChemistryAny hydrogen containing a material capable of giving a proton to another molecule is defined as an acid. Acid is a material that, when dissolved in water, modifies the hue of some indicators, has a sour taste, combines with some metals to release hydrogen, mixes with bases to form salts, and facilitates several chemical reactions. Inorganic compounds such as hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric, and phosphoric, and organic chemicals belonging to sulfonic acid and carboxylic acid are examples of acids. Acidic chemicals can be distinguished by their sour flavor. Acids are well recognized for turning blue litmus paper red. Acid Theories1. Arrhenius's Theory of AcidAccording to Arrhenius's theory, acid is a material containing a hydrogen atom that quickly releases a hydrogen ion or proton when combined with water. For instance, hydrochloric acid creates the ions chloride ( CL- ) and hydronium (H3O+) when it dissolves in water. Corrosive poisons primarily affect the eyes and lungs. Sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxides, chlorine, and ammonia are just a few air contaminants that can corrode the respiratory system. They mostly impact the nose, sinus, and lung lining. 2. Bronsted Lowry's Theory of AcidAccording to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, an acid is a substance that donates protons. This hypothesis states that a base is a proton acceptor. According to Bronsted, more H+ ions are released into the solution when acids break down to release protons. Acid ⇌ Proton + Conjugate base 3. Lewis's Concept of AcidsLewis defined an acid as a species having a null orbital and the capability to accept a pair of electrons. Electrophilic characteristics exist in Lewis acids. Lewis acids include, for example, Cu2+, BF3, and Fe3+. Acid's Chemical Properties
Uses of Acid
Classification of AcidsAcids are frequently categorized according to their source, the presence of oxygen, their strength, concentration, and basicity. 1. Source-Based Classification1) Organic Acid This acid is derived from organic substances like animals and plants. Acids like lactic, formic, citric, oxalic, and malic are a few examples. Organic acid has low metal reactivity than powerful mineral acids like HCl or HCl / HF combinations. 2) Mineral Acid From minerals, mineral acid is obtained. Inorganic acids are another name for them. Carbon is absent in them. HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, etc., are a few examples. 2. Classification Based on the Presence of Oxygen1) Oxy-acid Oxy acids are acids that contain oxygen in their chemical makeup, such as H2SO4, and HNO3. 2) Hydracid Hydracids refer to substances that are made up of hydrogen mixed with other elements but don't have oxygen in their makeup, such as HI, HBr, and HCl. Classification Based on Acid's Strength1) Strong Acids Strong acid refers to an acid that totally dissociates in water, such as sulphuric acid or nitric acid. 2) Weak Acids Weak acid refers to an acid that either doesn't completely dissolve in water. Classification According to its Concentration1) Concentrated Acid A concentrated acid has a higher proportion of acid than water in the solution. It has lots of ions readily available. For example, Concentrated hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, nitric acid, etc. 2) Diluted Acid An acid with a higher proportion of water is said to be diluted. You can dilute the concentrated acid by mixing it with water. Diluted hydrochloric acid, and sulphuric acid, are a few examples. Classification Based on the Acid's Basicity1) Monobasic Acid Monobasic acids are those that contain just one hydrogen ion, such as HCl, HCOOH, and HBr. 2) Dibasic Acid The sharing of two hydroxyl groups characterizes dibasic acid. 3) Tribasic Acid Tribasic acids are substances that can mix with three hydroxyl groups. For e.g., H3PO4 FAQs on Acid1. Difference between strong and weak acids.Answer:
2. Differentiate between binary acid and oxyacid.Answer:
3. Describe the uses of acids in daily life.Answer: 1) Sulfuric Acid It is the world's most significant industrial chemical, according to many. Automobile batteries are made with the help of sulfuric acid. It is utilized in the making of paints, medicines, dyes, and fertilizers. 2) Nitric Acid Goldsmiths use it to polish jewelry that consists of gold and silver metal. It is mostly utilized in the making of nitrogen-based fertilizers. It is also utilized to create nitrate salts and in the rocket propellant mixture. 3) Acetic Acid Acetic acid is frequently used to improve the flavor of foods. It serves as a natural preserver. It is used as a cleaning substance in products for cleaning windows, floors, utensils, and other surfaces. Acetic acid is most frequently referred to as vinegar. It helps with stain removal from carpets, furniture, etc. It is a common household item that may be found in most kitchens. Individuals utilize it for cooking. 4) Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Inside our bodies, gastrointestinal juice contains hydrochloric acid. It aids the digestion of all the potatoes and pizzas we consume and prevents the enzymes that convert food particles into protein. Numerous organic substances, such as polyvinyl chloride and several pharmaceuticals, are generated using HCl. 4. Differentiate Between organic acid and mineral acid.Answer:
5. How do acids and bases differ from one another?Answer: Chemical substances known as acids have a sour taste and can turn some blue vegetable colors red when dissolved in water. Bases are chemical substances that, when dissolved, feel foamy to the touch and change red vegetable dyes to blue. 6. Describe hydrochloric acid.Answer: Gaseous hydrogen chloride is dissolved in water to produce corrosive, colorless hydrochloric acid. Uses
7. What are the uses of carbonic acid?Answer:
8. Differentiate acid and alkaline.Answer:
9. List out acids' physical properties.Answer:
10. What is meant by acid-base indicator? List the three most typical indicators used in chemical labs.Answer: Acid-base indicators are chemicals that tell if a solution is acidic or basic by changing its usual color or aroma. The three typical indicators:
11. Why are bases and acids important in our daily lives?Answer: In our daily lives, acids, and bases are extremely helpful. Without acids, we wouldn't have vitamin C, our cars wouldn't run, and food would spoil faster. Consider a world without bases in a similar way. Without bases, your will won't be able to remove tough stains from clothes, and your mirrors will be unclean, etc. Few applications of acids in everyday life
Few applications of bases in everyday life
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